Thermal Activation of Mendable Epoxy through Inclusion of Microcapsules and Imidazole Complexes

Tripathi, Manorama; Dwivedi, Raman; Kumar, Devendra; Roy, Prasun Kumar

doi:10.1080/03602559.2015.1070866

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Br − occupies two vertices, and MI groups are distributed at the four vertices in the middle of the diamond. Improving the temperature will lead to the dissociation of Cu(MI) 4 Br 2 and the release of MI groups, which will react with epoxy oxide to change the repair effect (Supplementary Scheme 4; Pilawka and Maka, 2011;Tripathi et al, 2015). The FTIR spectra of 2-MI and Cu(MI) 4 Br 2 are illustrated in Figure 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide-Modified Microcapsule Self-Healing System for 4D Printing

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2021

Front. Mater.

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Self-healing materials as a type of promising smart materials are gradually applied to electronics, biology, and engineering. In this study, we used in situ polymerization to make melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin microcapsules to wrap the epoxy oxide as a repairing agent and Cu(MI)4Br2 as a latent-curing agent to protect epoxy oxide E-51 from broken melamine-formaldehyde resin microcapsules. In addition, graphene oxide was used as a reinforcing phase through its two-dimensional-layered structure to increase the tensile strength to 41.91 MPa, which is higher than the initial materials. The melamine-formaldehyde capsules and latent-curing agents were uniformly distributed in the materials according to the digital photos and scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures. It is worth noting that the mechanical strength of the broken materials can be restored to 35.65 MPa after heating to 130°C for 2 h to repair the damage, and the self-healing efficiency reached up to 85.06%. Furthermore, we also fabricated the 4D printed material with a tensile strength of 50.93 MPa through a 3D printer. The obtained materials showed excellent repair effect, with a recovery rate of up to 87.22%. This study confirms that the designed self-healing system has potential applications in many areas due to its excellent self-healing performance, which provides valuable guidance for designing the 4D system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide-Modified Microcapsule Self-Healing System for 4D Printing

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2021

Front. Mater.

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“…To do so, the researchers have tried to increase the core content of the microcapsules. Ting et al ., for instance, reported the 76% core content for the synthesized UF microcapsules by the two‐stage method, whereas Tripathi et al . reached to the 56% core content by using the one‐stage method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to investigate the effect of nanosilica on the core content of the microcapsules, the core content was determined by the extraction method . Therefore, the proper amounts of microcapsules ( M mc ) were weighted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcapsulated epoxy resin with nanosilica‐urea formaldehyde composite shell

Ebrahimnezhad‐Khaljiri

Eslami‐Farsani

Chirani

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, the epoxy microcapsules with the nanosilica (0, 1, 2, and 3 wt %)-urea formaldehyde composite shell were synthesized and then characterized by optical microscope (OM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis. According to the OM analysis, the without nanosilica microcapsules had the semitransparent structures and equal size distributions. Also, the formation of the microcapsule clusters and rupturing microcapsules in the sample containing 3 wt % nanosilica were observed by OM method. The FESEM analysis showed that without nanosilica, microcapsules had a smooth surface, whereas by increasing the percentage of nanosilica up to 2 wt %, the surface roughness was enhanced. It was also observed that on the surface of the microcapsules without nanosilica, two size ranges of the submicrocapsules with the average diameters of 1.12 μm and 208 nm were formed. By adding 1 wt % nanosilica, three size ranges of submicrocapsules were formed, with the average size of 2.63 μm, 824 and 179 nm. The interesting phenomena in the microcapsules containing 2 and 3 wt % nanosilica were the packing submicrocapsules with the polymeric shell and the formation of the microcapsule clusters, respectively.

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“…After creating the initial damages, the samples were set into the oven in the temperature of 130 C for period time of 1 h. In this temperature, the catalyst was decomposed to the imidazole and NiCl 2 . In the following, the imidazole reacted with epoxy healing agent and polymerized that [23]. For investigating the healing behavior in flexural test, the three samples, virgin, damaged, and healed, were considered.…”

Section: The Exertion Of Initial Damage and Healing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After diffusing the healing agent and filling the damage area, the polymerization reaction was started in the temperature of 130 C. In this temperature, the ligand bonds between NiCl 2 and imidazole were broken [23]. Then, the imidazole reacted with the epoxy healing agent to heal the created micro-cracks.…”

Section: Microstructure Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of flexural properties of glass fiber–epoxy self-healable composite structures containing capsulated epoxy healing agent and NiCl₂(imidazole)₄ catalyst

Ebrahimnezhad‐Khaljiri

Eslami‐Farsani

2019

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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In this work, the glass fiber-epoxy self-healable composites containing the capsulated healing agent as smart composite structures were fabricated. Then, the effects of various percentage of capsulated epoxy (7, 14, and 21 wt.%) and different damage forces (400, 500, and 600 N) on the healing ability of composites under the flexural loading were investigated. The obtained results showed that by increasing the percentage of microcapsules, the flexural strength of composites was slightly reduced, whereas the healing ability of those was improved. The full recovery of initial flexural strength was obtained in the composite containing 21 wt.% microcapsules under the damage force of 400 N. By increasing the damage force, the healing ability of composites was reduced, because the damage mechanisms were changed from matrix cracking to fiber breakage. The microscopical investigations on the microcapsules/micro-cracks

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Thermal Activation of Mendable Epoxy through Inclusion of Microcapsules and Imidazole Complexes

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Graphene Oxide-Modified Microcapsule Self-Healing System for 4D Printing

Graphene Oxide-Modified Microcapsule Self-Healing System for 4D Printing

Microcapsulated epoxy resin with nanosilica‐urea formaldehyde composite shell

Experimental investigation of flexural properties of glass fiber–epoxy self-healable composite structures containing capsulated epoxy healing agent and NiCl₂(imidazole)₄ catalyst

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Thermal Activation of Mendable Epoxy through Inclusion of Microcapsules and Imidazole Complexes

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Graphene Oxide-Modified Microcapsule Self-Healing System for 4D Printing

Graphene Oxide-Modified Microcapsule Self-Healing System for 4D Printing

Microcapsulated epoxy resin with nanosilica‐urea formaldehyde composite shell

Experimental investigation of flexural properties of glass fiber–epoxy self-healable composite structures containing capsulated epoxy healing agent and NiCl2(imidazole)4 catalyst

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Experimental investigation of flexural properties of glass fiber–epoxy self-healable composite structures containing capsulated epoxy healing agent and NiCl₂(imidazole)₄ catalyst