Thermal Analysis and Improvements of the Power Battery Pack with Liquid Cooling for Electric Vehicles

Xia, Bizhong; Liu, Yifan; Huang, Rui; Yang, Yadi; Lai, Yongzhi; Zheng, Weiwei; Wang, Huawen; Wang, Wei; Wang, Mingwang

doi:10.3390/en12163045

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The second most commonly used method for cooling is the liquid cooling method [18], generally implemented in two ways, direct cooling and indirect cooling method. The indirect cooling method is the most widely used method where a nonconductive liquid flows through vents which are in contact with the battery module and absorb the heat from it and release it to the outer environment through a heat exchanger or a radiator fan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an Optimized Thermal Management System for Li-Ion Batteries under Different Discharging Conditions

2020

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The design of an optimized thermal management system for Li-ion batteries has challenges because of their stringent operating temperature limit and thermal runaway, which may lead to an explosion. In this paper, an optimized cooling system is proposed for kW scale Li-ion battery stack. A comparative study of the existing cooling systems; air cooling and liquid cooling respectively, has been carried out on three cell stack 70Ah LiFePO4 battery at a high discharging rate of 2C. It has been found that the liquid cooling is more efficient than air cooling as the peak temperature of the battery stack gets reduced by 30.62% using air cooling whereas using the liquid cooling method it gets reduced by 38.40%. The performance of the liquid cooling system can further be improved if the contact area between the coolant and battery stack is increased. Therefore, in this work, an immersion-based liquid cooling system has been designed to ensure the maximum heat dissipation. The battery stack having a peak temperature of 49.76 °C at 2C discharging rate is reduced by 44.87% to 27.43 °C after using the immersion-based cooling technique. The proposed thermal management scheme is generalized and thus can be very useful for scalable Li-ion battery storage applications also.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an Optimized Thermal Management System for Li-Ion Batteries under Different Discharging Conditions

2020

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“…On the surface, both convective and radiative heat transfer should be taken into account. The former is described by Equation (5).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the operating temperature has a significant effect on battery performance, lifespan, and safety. An efficient battery thermal management system (BTMS) is indispensable to regulate battery within desirable temperature range and reduce uneven temperature distribution …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BTMS has been commercially applied with air cooling, liquid cooling, and ohmic heating . Moreover, in recent years, some novel methods have been developed, such as phase‐change materials cooling from liquid to gas and from solid to liquid, heat pipes cooling, or a combination use of them .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An efficient battery thermal management system (BTMS) is indispensable to regulate battery within desirable temperature range and reduce uneven temperature distribution. 5,6 BTMS has been commercially applied with air cooling, 7-9 liquid cooling, 5,10-12 and ohmic heating. [13][14][15] Moreover, in recent years, some novel methods have been developed, such as phase-change materials cooling from liquid to gas [16][17][18][19] and from solid to liquid, [20][21][22] heat pipes cooling, 23,24 or a combination use of them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simplification strategy research on hard‐cased Li‐ion battery for thermal modeling

Xifeng

Zeng²,

Hong-liang

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Numerical simulation is widely used in research and design of the battery thermal management system (BTMS). Battery cells are commonly homogenized to a block for module or pack level modeling. However, how the homogenization method affects results is not proven. This paper works on a hard‐cased Li‐ion battery to find a proper simplification method. First, a detailed three‐dimensional thermal model (model A) is set up and validated by experimental data. Then, the other three models with different simplification strategies are proposed. They are model B (the cell is homogenized to a block), model C (the cell preserves only core region and housing case), and model D (based on model C, the thin insulation films are also considered). Take the results of model A as a reference, the calculation accuracy and efficiency are summarized. It is found that model B shows the best efficiency and is a proper choice for evaluation of temperature dynamics, while model D is more recommended when the internal temperature distribution of the battery is more concerned.

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Parametric study and optimization on novel fork‐type mini‐channel network cooling plates for a Li‐ion battery module under high discharge current rates

Shi

Xie

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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When a lithium-ion battery works under high current, its working temperature is easy to exceed the allowable working temperature, resulting in the decrease of battery life. This may cause the non-uniformity of the internal working temperature of the battery and affect the working parameters of the battery. Therefore, an effective thermal management system is needed to enhance the thermal performance of the battery, improve the work efficiency, and extend the service life of the battery. In this study, we propose a new type of fork type mini-channel cooling plate based on genetic optimization algorithm to reduce the working temperature of battery and obtain better thermal uniformity.First, the thermal performance of co-current type cooling plates is experimentally and numerically studied. The heat transfer ability of cross flow cooling plates used to cool the Li-ion Battery is evaluated by parametric method. Second, a multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization is finally performed, considering the balance of the maximum value for temperature and pressure drop.Compared with the previous study, the reduction of temperature difference of this cooling plate can be up to 2 C. In contrast, the pressure drop penalty and thermal resistance of the optimized cooling plates can be reduced by 20% and 40%, respectively. Thirdly the thermal performance of a battery module with eight battery cells is also examined numerically. The maximum ΔT of the battery pack among cells is 4.83 C for V = 48 mL/s, which implies that the battery pack can work normally. This study indicates that batteries with the proposed new cooling plates have much better temperature uniformity.

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Thermal Analysis and Improvements of the Power Battery Pack with Liquid Cooling for Electric Vehicles

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Design of an Optimized Thermal Management System for Li-Ion Batteries under Different Discharging Conditions

Design of an Optimized Thermal Management System for Li-Ion Batteries under Different Discharging Conditions

Simplification strategy research on hard‐cased Li‐ion battery for thermal modeling

Parametric study and optimization on novel fork‐type mini‐channel network cooling plates for a Li‐ion battery module under high discharge current rates

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