Thermal analysis as a method of characterizing ancient ceramic technologies

Moropoulou, Α.; Bakolas, A.; Bisbikou, K.

doi:10.1016/0040-6031(95)02570-7

Cited by 96 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The components of 11 ceramic materials are the "fingerprints" of the stable/or metastable solid phase formed during firing and the production processes of antique ceramics and pottery can be derived from their assemblage. 38 …”

Section: Polarizing Light and Fluorescence Optical Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeological ceramic amphorae from underwater marine environments: Influence of firing temperature on salt crystallization decay

López-Arce

Zornoza-Indart

Gomez-Villalba

et al. 2013

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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Non-desalinated and desalinated fragments of Iberian, Italic and Tarraconensian amphorae sherds, found in different underwater marine environments, were compared to determine both their state of conservation and the decay caused by salt crystallization. Polarizing light and fluorescence optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, ion chromatography and mercury intrusion porosimetry tests were conducted on the samples. Non-desalinated samples or samples in which desalination was not wholly effective exhibit a variety of signs of degradation, especially in those samples fired at lower firing temperature. Sherds fired at higher temperatures have lower surface area and less connected porosity, which entail a lower absorption of soluble salts containing water and eventually less decay. The composition and texture reached with the firing temperature is a key factor on salt crystallization decay and hence on the durability of these artifacts. This should be taken into account during desalination procedures that have to be optimized in order to be successful.

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Section: Polarizing Light and Fluorescence Optical Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeological ceramic amphorae from underwater marine environments: Influence of firing temperature on salt crystallization decay

López-Arce

Zornoza-Indart

Gomez-Villalba

et al. 2013

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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“…According to Palanivel et al [1] the exothermic effect observed within the range 200-650 °C is attributed to the combustion of organic materials, not completely burnt during firing in reducing condition and transformed into carbonaceous particles, which are thought to have been deliberately added into ceramic paste to increase its plasticity, or were contained in the clay utilized in the manufacture. It has been suggested that the organic materials might have been added as a binder in the preparation of the pottery or in manufacturing external surface coating, for example albuminous [14]. Apart from this difference of behaviour at the range of 250-450 °C (DTA), the two thermal groups of ceramics presented similar characteristics.…”

Section: Ceramicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of some archaeological ceramics and clay samples from Zamala - Far-northern part of Cameroon (West Central Africa)

et al. 2017

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Seventeen ceramics samples (515±95 BP, about 580 years old) and two clay raw materials from Zamala (Far-northern, Cameroon) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (DTA/TG) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The aim of the work was the deduction of the production technology and provenance of these ceramics. With the exception of one sample the analysed ceramics formed a homogeneous chemical and mineralogical group. The observed mineralogical phases were quartz, mica (biotite), potassium feldspar (microcline) and plagioclase (albite and oligoclase). The XRD study of two local clays yielded the presence of quartz, kaolinite, mica, feldspar and plagioclase. The presence of the broad endothermic peak in the DTA/TG curves of the clays and its absence in the curves of the ceramics indicated that the firing temperature of the ceramics was above 550-600 °C, which is the temperature of the kaolinite-metakaolinite transformation. The firing experiments of the clay between 400-1200 °C in oxidizing atmosphere showed that mica disappeared above 900 °C. Therefore, the firing temperature of the sherds should have been between 600-900 °C. The chemical correlation between ceramics and local clay materials pointed out to a local production of these ceramics. Keywords: Zamala, Cameroon, archaeological ceramics, clays, characterization, production technology, provenance. Resumo Dezessete amostras de cerâmica (515±95 AP, cerca de 1435 d.C.) e duas argilas de Zamala (Extremo Norte, Camarões) foram caracterizadas por difração de raios X (DRX), análise térmica (DTA/TG) e espectroscopia de fluorescência de raios X. O objetivo do trabalho foi a dedução da tecnologia de produção e proveniência dessas cerâmicas. Com exceção de uma amostra, as cerâmicas analisadas formaram um grupo químico e mineralógico homogêneo. As fases mineralógicas observadas foram quartzo, mica (biotita), feldspato de potássio (microclínio) e plagioclásio (albita e oligoclásio

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“…The high temperature, low-pressure mineral transformations are mainly influenced by the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the original clay, its grain-size distribution, the maximum heating temperature, heating rate, duration of firing and kiln redox atmosphere [9,10]. Firing transformation inside traditional ceramic kilns was extensively reported in the literature, but usually this kind of evaluation is carried out qualitatively and not quantitatively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Firing transformations of an argentinean calcareous commercial clay

Serra¹,

Conconi

Suárez

et al. 2013

Cerâmica

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Mineralogical transformations caused by firing are usually studied by XRD methods only semi-quantitatively. In this work the original mineral disappearance and the neo-mineralization were evaluated quantitatively. Furthermore an indirect non crystalline phase quantification was performed under 1100 ºC was also carried out using the quartz content as internal standard. This study specifically discusses the behavior of an Argentinean white calcareous earthenware commercial when subjected to traditional ceramic firing, besides the technological importance of this particular material, it acts as a model for other clay based ceramic materials. Materials were subjected to thermal treatments between 700 ºC and 1100 ºC. A preliminary sintering characterization was carried out by contraction and porosity evolution. Simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) was carried out to elucidate the actual temperature at which the chemical changes occur. Finally, a quantitative analysis based on the Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction patterns was performed to characterize the crystalline phases present in both the clay and in the materials obtained after different thermal treatments. The actual chemical reactions are proposed. The phases identified after firing at traditional working temperature (1040 ºC) are quartz, plagioclase, and the Spinel type alumino-silicate, accompanied by the non-diffracting un-reacted metakaolin and some amount of amorphous glassy phase. At intermediate temperatures (900 ºC) the presence of gehlenite was also detected. The carbonates (calcite and dolomite) presence and decomposition were also evaluated and demonstrated to determine the sintering characteristics of this material. Keywords: silicate ceramic processing, structure, X-ray diffraction. Resumo Transformações mineralógicas causadas por queima são estudadas pelo método semiquantitativo de difração de raios X. O desaparecimento do mineral original e o neomineral foram avaliados quantitativamente. Além disso, a quantificação de fase não

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Thermal analysis as a method of characterizing ancient ceramic technologies

Cited by 96 publications

References 2 publications

Archaeological ceramic amphorae from underwater marine environments: Influence of firing temperature on salt crystallization decay

Archaeological ceramic amphorae from underwater marine environments: Influence of firing temperature on salt crystallization decay

Characterization of some archaeological ceramics and clay samples from Zamala - Far-northern part of Cameroon (West Central Africa)

Firing transformations of an argentinean calcareous commercial clay

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