Thermal analysis of kidney stones and their characterization

Kinetic study of dehydration of calcium oxalate trihydrate

“…Each form of hydrate can be easily recognised because COM usually precipitates in the form of dendrites or boat/coffin morphology, COD shows a bipyramidal morphology and COT gives plate-like morphology [3,4]. Calcium oxalates were up to now frequently studied as chemicals involved in formation of urinary calculi [5,6], main attention is paid to finding the factors and conditions giving support to calcium oxalate and consequently to kidney stone formation [7,8]. The most frequently published data on calcium oxalate describe the crystal growth (conditions and kinetics) [3,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and dissolution of hydrates [19][20][21][22].…”

Structure and Composition of Non-Infectious Phosphate Calculi Formed in Patients with Low and High Urinary Phosphate Concentrations

“…Different processes, such as the simultaneous loss of absorbed water, the crystalline water of CaOx and the lattice water of hydroxyapatite, occur at partially or fully overlapping temperatures [31][32][33], making the total weight loss a superposition of weight losses associated with individual processes. Quantification of the underlying processes is therefore imprecise or even impossible, depending on the extent of overlap.…”

“…This is especially applicable to absorbed water content; due to the overlapping processes of loss of absorbed and hydroxyapatite lattice water [34] and crystalline water of COM at temperatures over 100˚C, we considered only losses below this temperature that result in underestimation of adsorbed water content. The content of organic matter quoted, determined as mass lost between 500˚C and 700˚C, can serve as a rough estimate only since pyrolysis can occur at about 300˚C [33], but dehydration of hydroxyapatite [32] and decomposition of CaOx [26], if present, can occur simultaneously at temperatures up to 500˚C.…”

Structure and Composition of Non-Infectious Phosphate Calculi Formed in Patients with Low and High Urinary Phosphate Concentrations

“…Different processes, such as the simultaneous loss of absorbed water, the crystalline water of CaOx and the lattice water of hydroxyapatite, occur at partially or fully overlapping temperatures [31][32][33], making the total weight loss a superposition of weight losses associated with individual processes. Quantification of the underlying processes is therefore imprecise or even impossible, depending on the extent of overlap.…”

“…This is especially applicable to absorbed water content; due to the overlapping processes of loss of absorbed and hydroxyapatite lattice water [34] and crystalline water of COM at temperatures over 100˚C, we considered only losses below this temperature that result in underestimation of adsorbed water content. The content of organic matter quoted, determined as mass lost between 500˚C and 700˚C, can serve as a rough estimate only since pyrolysis can occur at about 300˚C [33], but dehydration of hydroxyapatite [32] and decomposition of CaOx [26], if present, can occur simultaneously at temperatures up to 500˚C.…”