Thermal analysis of Sb2O3 /Organohalide-based flame retardants including atomic absorption detection of the evolved species

Abstract

The replacement of a considerable number of traditional inorganic substances by synthetic organic ones raises the problem of an increased fire hazard and its prevention. There are a number of mutually inconsistent

Effect of flame retardants and Sb2O3 synergist on the thermal decomposition of high-impact polystyrene and on its debromination by ammonia treatment

“…Pyrolysis 79 (2007) [346][347][348][349][350][351][352] additives have undesired effect during thermal treatment of waste streams leading to formation of acid or toxic compounds that have to be removed from the decomposition products before using them as feedstock or fuel. The synergistic effect of Sb 2 O 3 on the flame-quenching efficiency of organic halides is wellknown [6,7], since Sb 2 O 3 increases the rate of halogen release from aromatic halides via the formation of antimony halides and oxyhalides during combustion. Several mechanisms have been published for the interactions of the metal oxide-halogenated flame retardant systems and the polymer matrix [8][9][10][11].…”

Flammability characterized by flash-ignition Temper-atures

“…The measurements were carried out with a modified Q 1500 derivatograph [7,8 ] which was able to measure the flash ignition temperatures of materials. 7) is defined as the lowest initial temperature of air passing around the specimen at which a sufficient amount of combustible gas is evolved to be ignited by an external ignition source.…”

“…In the discussed interval, 7) increased by abount 20 or 40 deg. At the lowest heating rate, the constant interval was 350-500 mg. At a heating rate of 2.5 deg'min -a , the points on the 7) vs. sample size curve were between the former ones. When the sample amount was higher than 350 mg, 7) did not depend on the sample Size.…”

“…One of the most important parameters is the ease of ignition, which can be expressed numerically by the value of the limited oxygen index (LOI) [1 ] and the time or temperature of ignition. It is well known that different techniques are available for the measurement of ignition temperature [2,3].Thermal analysis has recently become an important quality and research control method in the study of flammability and flame retardation processes [4][5][6].We have developed a spark-producing attachment for a derivatograph which permits ignition temperature (T/) detection and TG, DTG, DTA and T scans simultaneously [7,8]. A derivatoghraph can be applied for measurement of the above properties.…”

Analysis of various metal oxide/organohalide-based flame retardants

“…With the aid of these methods the temperature of SbC13 formation and its evaporation could be detected [3].…”