Thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopic study of synthetic brochantite

Prasad, Shweta; Rao, V. Sitakara

doi:10.1007/bf01913606

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…According to [28,29] pure brochantite formed at 60 °C from CuSO 4 •5H 2 O and Na 2 CO 3 solutions at pH 8.0. The 50 ml of sodium carbonate 0.5 M solution was heated to 60 °C and slowly with vigorous stirring 75 ml of copper (II) sulfate 0.5 M solution was added.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile preparation photocatalytically active CuO plate-like nanoparticles from brochantite

et al. 2016

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Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile preparation photocatalytically active CuO plate-like nanoparticles from brochantite

et al. 2016

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“…Brochantite is synthesized in the laboratory following a procedure reported by Prasad and coauthors [ 54 ]. Silver glue was provided by Agar Scientific.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setup of Galvanic Sensors for the Monitoring of Gilded Bronzes

Goidanich

Gulotta

Brambilla³

et al. 2014

Sensors

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Traditional electrochemical techniques, such as linear polarization resistance (Rp), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cannot be applied to gilded bronzes, as it may not be possible to interpret the results obtained due to the bimetallic nature of the studied material. The measurement of the macrocouple current generated by the gold/bronze galvanic couple can be used as an indicator of degradation processes. Nevertheless, this measurement cannot be performed directly on the original artifacts due to the systematic presence of short-circuits between the two metals. In the present work the use of galvanic sensors is proposed as a possible solution for the monitoring of gilded bronze artefacts. The sensors have been designed to simulate real gilded bronze surfaces in terms of composition and stratigraphy and have proved to be a reliable diagnostic tool for the in situ monitoring of the rates of deterioration of gilded bronze surfaces and to test new conservation treatments. Their set-up and application is reported and their performances discussed.

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“…Data from a copper solubility experiment in nitrate solution at pH 3.88 and 25°C. ............ (Schindler P 1967) (Margulis 1962), (Pannetier et al 1963), (Ramamurthy & Secco 1970), (Prasad & Sitakara Rao 1985), (Tanaka & Koga 1988), (Uzunov et al 1995), (Koga et al 1997). ................. Table 4-2 -Reported thermal decomposition sequence of basic copper chloride.…”

Section: List Of Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel, low-energy process route for primary production of copper utilising synergistic hydro- and pyro-metallurgical processes

Hawker¹

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In this thesis, a novel, low-energy process route for primary production of copper that utilises synergies between hydro-and pyro-metallurgical processes is proposed. The process involves precipitating copper from an acidic leach solution by pH adjustment. This precipitation step separates and concentrates the copper from the leach solution. The concentrated copper precipitate is then fed to a pyrometallurgical copper smelter or converter. Research on this process focused on four areas:• The copper phases produced by pH adjusted chemical precipitation from acidic solutions.• Factors affecting the kinetics of the copper precipitation step.• The thermal properties of the precipitated copper phases.• The mass and energy balance implications of feeding the precipitated copper product into a copper converter.The solubility of copper phases were determined by precipitating copper from solution and providing sufficient time for equilibrium to be established. In this study, the stabilities of precipitated copper oxide and basic copper sulphate, nitrate and chloride salts were determined over a pH range of 3 to 13 in solutions with ionic strength up to 3.5 M. The solubility products for the precipitated salts were calculated after taking into account the solution speciation, solution species activity coefficients and the surface energy associated with the fine particles. The standard Gibbs energy of formation of CuO tenorite, CuSO 4 .3Cu(OH) 2 brochantite, CuCl 2 .3Cu(OH) 2 clinoatacamite and Cu(NO ) 2 .3Cu(OH) 2 rouaite were estimated to be -124.9, -1,814.1, -1,341.6 and -1,278.5 kJ/mol respectively at 25°C.The copper precipitation kinetics and reaction mechanisms were then studied in the aqueous sulphate system, focusing on the use of limestone as the precipitation reagent. A range of precipitation conditions and reactor configurations were examined to determine which factors had significant effect on the rate of copper precipitation in this complex heterogeneous reaction system where limestone dissolution and co-crystallisation of brochantite and gypsum occur simultaneously. The rate of copper precipitation was initially limited by nucleation of the copper solid after which limestone dissolution was the limiting factor. The dissolution of limestone was dependent on the surface area of limestone, the concentration of copper and the hydrodynamic conditions within the reactor.

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Thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopic study of synthetic brochantite

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Facile preparation photocatalytically active CuO plate-like nanoparticles from brochantite

Facile preparation photocatalytically active CuO plate-like nanoparticles from brochantite

Setup of Galvanic Sensors for the Monitoring of Gilded Bronzes

A novel, low-energy process route for primary production of copper utilising synergistic hydro- and pyro-metallurgical processes

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