Thermal and environmental conditions in Shanghai households: Risk factors for childhood health

Zhang, Huibo; Xie, Jingchao; Yokota, Hiroshi; Yanagi, U; Hasegawa, Kenichi; Kagi, Naoki; Lian, Zhiwei

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.04.020

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Among the fungi, Cladosporium, Streptomyces, Ulocladium, Eurotium, Wallemia, Penicillium, Chrysogenum, Alternaria, Ochraceus grp, Bacillus mycoides, Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus spp, Dematiaceous hyphomycetes and yeast were detected in most of the samples. Similar result was observed, detecting mainly Aspergillus, Wallemia sebi, Cladosporium as settled fungal species in household dust from Shanghai [38]. Our result was also consistent with the findings that Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and about 20 other fungal genera were the most commonly isolated genera from household dust [37].…”

Section: Microorganismssupporting

confidence: 92%

Characterization of residential household dust from Shanghai by particle size and analysis of organophosphorus flame retardants and metals

Qiu

Gustafsson

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Eur

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Background: Physical and biological properties of dust particles might affect the availability and distribution of chemicals associated to indoor dust; however it has not been adequately examined. In this study, household dust from Shanghai was fractionated into five particle sizes and size distribution, morphology, surface area, organic matter, microorganisms, elemental composition, metals and organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) compositions were characterized. Also, household dust samples from Stockholm that has previously been characterized were included in the analysis of OPFRs for comparison. Results:The respirable fraction had a yield of 3.3% in mass percentage, with a particle size of 2.22 ± 2.04 µm. As expected, both metals and OPFRs concentrations increased with decreased particle size. Al and Fe dominated (66-87%) followed by the concentrations of Zn (5-14%) and Ga (1.8-5%) of the sum of 16 metals in the dust. The concentrations of OPFRs in Shanghai dust ranged from 5.34 to 13.7 µg/g (median: 7.21 µg/g), compared to household dust from Stockholm that ranged from 16.0 to 28.3 µg/g (median: 26.6 µg/g). Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) dominated in Shanghai dust samples while tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) dominated in dust from Stockholm homes. Conclusion:The results showed that mass percentage for each particle size fraction was not evenly distributed. Furthermore, the particle-bound microorganisms and OPFRs increased with decreased particle size, whereas metals had the highest concentrations at specific dust sizes. Therefore, it is essential to select the proper particle size in order to assess any specific human exposure study to indoor pollutants.

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Section: Microorganismssupporting

confidence: 92%

Characterization of residential household dust from Shanghai by particle size and analysis of organophosphorus flame retardants and metals

Qiu

Gustafsson

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Eur

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“…Conversely, the percentage of RH exceeding 70% in Groups A and B from Changsha were 32.6% and 36.9%, respectively. In addition, the rates of RH ≥ 70% were higher than 60%, observed more frequently in Group A than in Group B in the Shanghai houses [ 46 ]. Dampness and indoor mold appeared to be serious risk factors for allergic symptoms among children.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maximum HCHO concentration in all investigated houses was generally lower than the current guideline (100 μg/m 3 ) provided by the Chinese national standards [ 56 ] except in one living room in Dalian (101.7 μg/m 3 ). The highest concentration in Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Changsha was 42.6 μg/m 3 , 31.1 μg/m 3 [ 46 ], 45.2 μg/m 3 [ 47 ] and 11.4 μg/m 3 , respectively, lower than half of the limit.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, in residential buildings, which are the most likely centres for children’s daily after school activities, chronic air pollutant exposure, in such circumstances as described above, may provide a negative health impact, particularly for the more clinically susceptible. Further data was collected via a systematical investigative study, composed of a questionnaire survey and field investigation related to environmental conditions was then conducted in several major Chinese cities, including Harbin, Dalian [ 44 ], Beijing [ 45 ], Shanghai [ 46 ], Wuhan [ 47 ] and Changsha [ 48 ]. This study included two stages: (1) cross-sectional questionnaire survey concerning residential characteristics and lifestyles, (2) a detailed field investigation of the environmental conditions of the schoolchildren’s households.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on Indoor Air Pollution and Childhood Allergies in Households in Six Chinese Cities by Subjective Survey and Field Measurements

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Greater attention is currently being paid to the relationship between indoor environment and childhood allergies, however, the lack of reliable data and the disparity among different areas hinders reliable assessment of the relationship. This study focuses on the effect of indoor pollution on Chinese schoolchildren and the relationship between specific household and health problems suffered. The epidemiological questionnaire survey and the field measurement of the indoor thermal environment and primary air pollutants including CO2, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), chemical pollutants and fungi were performed in six Chinese cities. A total of 912 questionnaires were eligible for statistical analyses and sixty houses with schoolchildren aged 9–12 were selected for field investigation. Compared with Chinese national standards, inappropriate indoor relative humidity (<30% or >70%), CO2 concentration exceeding 1000 ppm and high PM2.5 levels were found in some monitored houses. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) were the most frequently detected semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in house dust. Cladosporium, Aspergillus and Penicillium were detected in both indoor air and house dust. This study indicates that a thermal environment with CO2 exceeding 1000 ppm, DEHP and DBP exceeding 1000 μg/g, and high level of PM2.5, Cladosporium, Aspergillus and Penicillium increases the risk of children’s allergies.

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“…Focused air movements are likely to burst personal CO2 bubbles and disperse the gas further out the inhalation zone, decreasing the likelihood of CO2 re-inhalation, which can lead to increased office work productivity. Aside from increasing productivity in work environments, using fans to lessen CO2 concentrations can also function as a significant tool that helps ensure occupant safety and wellbeing in homes [25,26]. A previous study shows that properly ventilated homes can help decrease the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the leading cause of postneonatal mortality rate in the United States, by correctly mitigating the build-up of CO2 around the breathing zone of infants and decreasing their vulnerability to suffocation due the re-inhalation of carbon-rich air [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal CO2 bubble: Context-dependent variations and wearable sensors usability

Ghahramani

Pantelic

Vannucci

et al. 2019

Journal of Building Engineering

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High CO2 concentration in inhaled air has been shown to negatively impact work performance and increase acute health symptoms. As respiratory CO2 is constantly exhaled, it may not dissipate in surrounding air in absence of adequate air movement and is instead re-inhaled into the airways (breathing in a CO2-rich bubble). In this study, we explored the impacts of context-dependent factors such as office activities, desk settings, and personal differences on the inhalation zone CO2 concentration and on concentrations at a below-neck wearable sensor. While all factors were found to significantly impact measurements at both measuring points, desk settings (empty desk, desk with a fan, desk with laptop, desk with monitor) was found to be the most dominant factor. Presence of a small portable desk fan was found to significantly reduce the CO2 concentration. On average, we observed a 177 ppm reduction in CO2 concentration when using a fan, which is 25 ppm higher than the background CO2 measurement (650 ppm). Among 41 test subjects, we found distinct relationships between the inhalation zone CO2 concentration and the wearable sensor measurements and, by applying a hierarchical clustering algorithm, we found 4 clusters of relationships. While below-neck wearable sensors could be used as an exact measure of inhalation of CO2 concentration for 29% of the subjects, we identified a boundary point (917 ppm) separating high and low inhalation zone CO2 concentration measurements.

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Thermal and environmental conditions in Shanghai households: Risk factors for childhood health

Cited by 23 publications

References 33 publications

Characterization of residential household dust from Shanghai by particle size and analysis of organophosphorus flame retardants and metals

Characterization of residential household dust from Shanghai by particle size and analysis of organophosphorus flame retardants and metals

Investigation on Indoor Air Pollution and Childhood Allergies in Households in Six Chinese Cities by Subjective Survey and Field Measurements

Personal CO2 bubble: Context-dependent variations and wearable sensors usability

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