Thermal and geochemical characterization of Lokpanta oil shales, Nigeria

Utilization of Lokpanta Oil Shale in Portland Cement Manufacturing in Nigeria: A Thermodynamic Approach

“…The thermodynamic properties for a pure CaO-SiO 2 Table 4. The free energy (G), enthalpy of mixing (H), entropy (S) and heat capacity (Cp) are calculated using Table 4 equations, and a typical result of calculated thermodynamic functions for the CaO-SiO 2 system at different temperatures is shown in Table 5.…”

“…The temperature dependence of the Gibbs energies of stoichiometric compound phases is described as polynomial in Eq. (1), 2 1 3 ln G a bT cT T dT eT fT…”

“…1). The detailed geology and information on the raw oil shale are already published [2][3][4][5]. The Eze-Aku Formation which is the focus of this study consists of black calcareous shales, shelly limestones, siltstones and sandstones that overstep the Asu River Group in most parts of the Benue Trough [3][4][5][8][9][10][11].…”

“…The Eze-Aku Formation which is the focus of this study consists of black calcareous shales, shelly limestones, siltstones and sandstones that overstep the Asu River Group in most parts of the Benue Trough [3][4][5][8][9][10][11]. The Eze-Aku Formation represents the second depositional cycle and has been dated late Cenomania -early Turonian [2,4,5,8,12].…”

“…An oil shale deposit has been discovered in the Lokpanta area of Abakaliki Fold Belt of the Benue Trough in 1990, and it was named Lokpanta oil shale deposit [1]. Previous studies on the oil shale include: thermal and geochemical characterization of Lokpanta oil shale [2], economic evaluation, recovery techniques and environmental implications of oil shale [3], hydrocarbon potential and depositional environment of oil shale [4,5].…”