Thermal and mineral waters in north-eastern Slovenia

Kralj, Peter; Kralj, Polona

doi:10.1007/s002540050455

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The research area lies in two basins: Drava-Ptuj (composed of two smaller basins) and Mura (also called Mura-Zala). The basins are lled with Quaternary and Tertiary sediments [16]. The depth to the pre-Tertiary metamorphic basement ranges from 500 m to more than 4000 m. Tertiary sediments are represented by clastic Miocene and Pliocene marine sands, silts, clays, and gravels, which intercalate with brackish clastic beds.…”

Section: Geological and Hydrogeological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of hydraulic conductivities by grain-size analysis,pumping, and slug tests in Quaternary gravels, NE Slovenia

Pucko¹,

Verbovšek

2015

Open Geosciences

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Hydraulic conductivities (K) can be obtained from pumping and slug tests as well as grain size analysis. Although empirical methods for such estimations are longstanding, there is still insu cient comparison of K values among the various approaches. Six grain-size analysis methods were tested on coarse-grained alluvial sediments from 12 water wells in NE Slovenia. Values of K from grainsize methods were compared to those of pumping tests and slug tests. Six grain-size methods (USBR, Slichter, Hazen, Beyer, Kozeny-Carman, and Terzaghi) were used for comparison with the Theis and Neuman pumping test method and the Bouwer-Rice method for slug tests. The results show that the USBR (US Bureau of Reclamation) method overestimates K values and there is no correlation with other results, so its use is not advised. Conversely, whilst the Slichter method gives much lower estimates of K, it is the only one to completely ful ll the grain size requirements. Other methods (Hazen, Beyer, KozenyCarman, and Terzaghi) result in intermediate values and are similar to the Slichter method; however they should be used for smaller-sized sediments. Due to their high transmissivity and small radius of in uence, slug tests should be avoided in the analysis of gravels, as they only test a small portion of the aquifer compared to pumping tests. This is con rmed by the low correlation coe cients between hydraulic conductivities obtained from pumping tests and slug tests.

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Section: Geological and Hydrogeological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of hydraulic conductivities by grain-size analysis,pumping, and slug tests in Quaternary gravels, NE Slovenia

Pucko¹,

Verbovšek

2015

Open Geosciences

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“…In the past, the basin was called the Mura Depression (vončina, 1966;Royden & HoRvátH, 1988;Mioč & ŽnidaRčič, 1989;GosaR, 1995) or the Mura Basin (KRalJ & KRalJ, 2000), and the Međimurje-Zala Basin (in vRzel (2012) after ŽiŽeK (2006)). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PResečniK, 2008;vanGKilde-PedeRsen et al, 2009), and its extensive groundwater reservoirs (e.g. nosan, 1973;ŽleBniK & dRoBne, 1999;KRalJ & KRalJ, 2000;RaJveR et al, 2012;szőcs et al, 2013). New types of geopotentials, such as CO 2 and natural gas storage are competing with traditional uses, for example as a source of drinking and thermal water, and for oil and gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The three-dimensional regional geological model of the Mura-Zala Basin, northeastern Slovenia

Šram¹,

Rman²,

Rižnar³

et al. 2015

Geologija

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The Mura-Zala sedimentary Basin is a Neogene basin with many competing geopotentials, spanning parts of Slovenia, Austria, Croatia and Hungary. Here we present the 3D regional geological model of the Slovenian part of the Mura-Zala Basin, which was developed to integrate the latest information on the geological structure of NE Slovenia and to publish the model in an open-access mode for easier and faster assessment of geopotentials. This was achieved through the harmonisation of the legacy geological models, the reinterpretation of 145 borehole logs, the construction of the 3D numerical geological model in JewelSuite TM , and delivering it into a 3D-Explorer environment. The model comprises nine lithostratigraphical units. The Pre-Neogene basement rocks are covered by the Haloze Formation; the Špilje Formation -Badenian and Sarmatian; the Lendava Formation -turbidites and slope; the Mura Formation -delta front and delta plain; and the alluvial Ptuj-Grad Formation. The model has two principal shortcomings, related to currently unavailable seismic reflection data faults were not implemented, and the Quaternary formations were not delimited. The model is useful for regional-scale studies and may reduce geological risks related to exploration in NE Slovenia. It will also support a better assessment of geopotentials and a more feasible approach to their development, and, eventually, will enable the harmonized management of our subsurface in 3D space. This can be achieved using the 3D-Explorer platform which enables the creation of arbitrary vertical cross-sections, horizontal slices and virtual boreholes. Izvle~ekMursko-zalski sedimentacijski bazen je neogenski bazen s številnimi konkurenčnimi geopotenciali, ki se razširja v Sloveniji, Avstriji, Hrvaški in na Madžarskem. V članku predstavljamo 3D regionalni geološki model slovenskega dela Mursko-zalskega bazena. Razvit je za prikaz najnovejših informacij o geološki zgradbi SV Slovenije in objavo v prosto dostopni obliki, ki omogoča lažjo in hitrejšo oceno geopotencialov. To smo dosegli z uskladitvijo predhodnih geoloških modelov, reinterpretacijo 145 geofizikalnih popisov globokih vrtin, izdelavo 3D matematičnega modela s programom JewelSuite TM in njegovo implementacijo v orodju 3D-Explorer. Model prikazuje devet litostratigrafskih enot. Pred-neogenske kamnine v podlagi bazena so prekrite s Haloško formacijo, Špiljsko formacijo -sarmatij in badenij, Lendavsko formacijo -pobočje in turbiditi, Mursko formacijo -deltno čelo in ravnica ter aluvialno Ptujsko-grajsko formacijo. Model ima dve poglavitni slabosti, kot posledica nedostopnosti seizmičnih podatkov vanj niso vključeni prelomi in sedimenti kvartarne starosti niso razmejeni. Model je primeren za regionalne študije in zato lahko zniža geološko tveganje pri raziskavah v SV Sloveniji. S tem, ko podpira boljšo oceno geopotencialov in primernejši pristop k njihovem razvoju, bo sčasoma omogočil usklajeno upravljanje našega podpovršja v tridimenzionalnem prostoru. Raba 3D-Explorerja omogoča izdelavo poljubnih na...

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“…2). These 50-300 m thick sand-prone units, composed of individual delta lobes of 10-20 m in thickness, divided by pelitic layers, have an areal extent of 200-2,000 km 2 and are found in a depth interval of about 700-1,400 m in the interior parts of the Pannonian basin, where the temperature ranges from 50 to 70 °C (Žlebnik, 1978;döVényi & horVáth, 1988;kralj & kralj, 2000a) and are considered as the main thermal-water bearing aquifers.…”

Section: Settings Of the Investigated Mura-zala Sedimentary Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geochemical investigations were done in the central and eastern Hungarian part of the Pannonian Basin (deák et al, 1987;Varsányi et al, 1997Varsányi et al, , 1999Varsányi et al, , 2011Varsányi & koVács, 2009) as well as in its Slovenian part (kralj & kralj, 2000a, 2000bkralj, 2001;kralj et al, 2009;laPanje, 2006laPanje, , 2007Pezdi~, 1991Pezdi~, , 1999Pezdi~, , 2003. However, no cross-border hydrogeochemical studies of the Mura-Zala basin aquifers were known before our research.…”

Section: Settings Of the Investigated Mura-zala Sedimentary Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transboundary geothermal resources of the Mura-Zala basin:a need for joint thermal aquifer management of Slovenia and Hungary

Nádor¹,

Lapanje²,

Tóth³

et al. 2012

Geologija

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Large transboundary Upper Miocene geothermal sandy aquifers which are widely utilized by both countries for balneological and direct heat purposes exist in the Slovenian-Hungarian border region. In NE Slovenia the total direct heat use was 382 TJ in 2010, while in SW Hungary it was 648 TJ, including utilization from basement reservoirs. The total installed capacity of the 13 Slovenian users was 38.8 MW t , while that of the 29 Hungarian users was 70.6 MW t . Utilisation takes place without harmonized management strategies which might endanger the longterm sustainability of these systems. We aimed to overcome this by delineating a transboundary thermal groundwater body (TTGWB) Mura-Zala with an aerial extent of 4,974 km 2 and with vertical extent between depths 500-2,200 m, which was done based on detailed geological, hydrological, geochemical and geothermal models as well as numerical modelling. The regional groundwater flow in the Mura-Zala TTGWB is from west to east in general, the modeled cross-border flow is approximately 50 l/s. At present, thermal water abstraction rates from the Mura/ Újfalu Fm. (61.8 l/s in the Slovenian and 67.3 l/s in the Hungarian part of the TTGWB) does not endanger the good regional quantity status of the water body, and this should be maintained by allowing a maximum increase of thermal water abstraction 3.5 times higher than today. However, to achieve target numbers for an increased proportion of geothermal energy in the total energy mix in both countries, we suggest that increase of thermal efficiency and re-injection should be prioritized apart from the higher thermal water abstraction with setting up limit of the maximum allowable drawdown. Izvle~ekNa mejnem obmo~ju med Slovenijo in Madžarsko so razprostranjeni obsežni, prekomejni zgornjemiocenski geotermalni pe{~eni vodonosniki, ki se v obeh državah uporabljajo predvsem v balneolo{ke namene in za direktno rabo toplote. V severovzhodni Sloveniji je skupna direktna raba toplote v letu 2010 dosegla 382 TJ, v jugovzhodnem delu Madžarske pa 648 TJ, vklju~no z rabo vodonosnikov v podlagi neogenskih kamnin. Celotna in{talirana kapaciteta 13 slovenskih uporabnikov je zna{ala 38,8 MW t , medtem ko je in{talirana kapaciteta pri 29 madžarskih uporabnikih dosegla 70,6 MW t . Uporaba poteka brez usklajene strategije upravljanja, kar lahko ogrozi dolgoro~no vzdržnost teh sistemov. To smo želeli prese~i z opredelitvijo prekomejnega Mursko-Zalskega telesa termalne podzemne vode (VTPodV Mura-Zala) s povr{ino 4.974 km 2 in vertikalnim razponom globine 500-2200 m, dolo~enega na podlagi podrobnih geolo{kih, hidrogeolo{kih, geokemi~nih in geotermalnih modelov, kot tudi numeri~nega modela podzemne vode. Tok podzemne vode v VTPodV Mura-Zala je usmerjen pretežno v smeri zahod-vzhod, pri ~emer je prekomejni tok ocenjen na približno 50 l/s. Pri trenutni koli~ini odvzema termalne vode (~ 61,8 l/s iz slovenskega ter ~ 67,3 l/s iz madžarskega dela VTPodV Mura-Zala) koli~insko stanje telesa ni ogroženo, a njegovo dobro stanje je potrebno ohranjati ...

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Thermal and mineral waters in north-eastern Slovenia

Cited by 41 publications

References 3 publications

Comparison of hydraulic conductivities by grain-size analysis,pumping, and slug tests in Quaternary gravels, NE Slovenia

Comparison of hydraulic conductivities by grain-size analysis,pumping, and slug tests in Quaternary gravels, NE Slovenia

The three-dimensional regional geological model of the Mura-Zala Basin, northeastern Slovenia

Transboundary geothermal resources of the Mura-Zala basin:a need for joint thermal aquifer management of Slovenia and Hungary

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