Thermal and non-thermal X-ray emission from stellar clusters and superbubbles

Editorial: Plasma, particles, and photons: ISM physics revisited

“…In this topical collection we collect reviews and new results in ISM research with an emphasis on multi-messenger Astrophysics. There are contributions on the production of cosmic ray (CR) electrons (Alsaberi et al 2019) and their transport (Heesen 2021) as deduced from observations, the generation of X-rays and cosmic γ -rays in interstellar shocks (Sano and Fukui 2021), the mechanism of particle acceleration via diffuse shock acceleration (Urošević et al 2019), the thermal and non-thermal X-ray emission from superbubbles (Kavanagh 2020), and the characteristics of non-equilibrium ionisation plasmas (Breitschwerdt and de Avillez 2021). Next, there are contributions on simulations of cosmic ray propagation (Mertsch 2020), on their detection (Albrecht et al 2022) and what we can learn from that, on interstellar radioactive isotopes (Diehl 2021), and on observations of neutrinos (Kheirandish 2020).…”

Observational constraints on stellar feedback in dwarf galaxies

“…31,5,29]. The correlated SN energy from multiple young stars impacts the surrounding, pre-processed, ISM to drive a hot, expanding, bubble of X-ray emitting and ionised gas ( [32,30]; and see fig. 1b).…”

“…To avoid confusion, we will define here 'bubble' to mean an expanding shell of interstellar material surrounding hot X-ray emitting gas that is < 100 pc in diameter. A 'superbubble' is then a bubble that is >100 pc diameter [30]. We will call the shell of the (super)bubble the '(super)bubble shell', while we will refer to the boundary between a galaxy-wide wind and the ISM/CGM as the 'wind shell'.…”

High-Energy Particles and Radiation in Star-Forming Regions

“…In the nearest future more advanced instruments are about to come. Kavanagh (2020) reviewed the future prospects of the X-ray observations of SFRs, in particular superbubbles and massive clusters, discussed above. In the nearest future two new X-ray observatories will provide new data: Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) (Pavlinsky et al 2015, Predehl et al 2016, launched in 2019 and The X-Ray Imaging Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) (Tashiro et al 2018), which launch is planned in 2022.…”

“…The X-ray telescopes eROSITA and ART-XC aboard the SRG observatory are expected to provide detailed observations of LMC and superbubbles therein and also allow thorough spectral studies of large Galactic superbubbles. The XRISM observatory has two instruments onboard: soft X-ray spectrometer Resolve and soft X-ray imager Xtend, and shows the great perspective in high resolution X-ray spectrometry (see Kavanagh 2020, and the references therein).…”