Thermal behavior of some organic phosphates

Lhomme, Veronique; Bruneau, Christian; Soyer, N.; Brault, Auguste

doi:10.1021/i300013a021

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The basic idea is that the FRA could release free radicals (usually P or halogen containing) with flame-retardant effects on thermal decompose. The radicals can scavenge the active radicals (such as H• and OH•) to suppress the free radical chain reaction of combustion (Lhomme et al, 1984). Typical organophosphates, including trimethyl phosphate (TMP) (Lhomme et al, 1984), TEP (Lalia et al, 2010), diethyl ethylphosphonate (DEEP) (Feng et al, 2013), have been used as FRAs.…”

Section: Flame Retardant Additivementioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Issues in Lithium Ion Batteries: Materials and Cell Design

et al. 2019

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As the most widely used energy storage device in consumer electronic and electric vehicle fields, lithium ion battery (LIB) is closely related to our daily lives, on which its safety is of paramount importance. LIB is a typical multidisciplinary product. A tiny single cell is composed of both organic and inorganic materials in multi scale. In addition, its relatively closure property made it difficult to be studied on line, let alone in the battery pack or system level. Safety, often manifested by stability on abuse, including mechanical, electrical, and thermal abuses, is a quite complicated issue of LIB. Safety has to be guaranteed in large scale application. Here, safety issues related to key materials and cell design techniques will be reviewed. Key materials, including cathode, anode, electrolyte, and separator, are the fundamental of the battery. Cell design and fabrication techniques also have significant influence on the cell's electrochemical and safety performances. Here, we will summarize the thermal runaway process in single cell level, and some recent advances on battery materials and cell design.

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Section: Flame Retardant Additivementioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Issues in Lithium Ion Batteries: Materials and Cell Design

et al. 2019

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“…The results showed little degradation under these conditions (less than about 1% at 370°C for tricresyl phosphate [22]) but even at this temperature there were already traces of olefins, alkyl benzenes and condensed ring aromatic structures -all of which are soot precursors. In 1984 a paper was published [23] that not only identified the products of thermal/oxidative breakdown of phosphates but also attempted to postulate a pyrolysis mechanism (see Figure 6). For this study triphenyl phosphate, the most oxidatively stable aryl phosphate, was selected.…”

Section: Potential High-temperature Degradation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are structures that are not produced under normal operating conditions but begin to form at specific elevated temperatures and whose presence in the degradation products could therefore indicate the approximate temperature to which small amounts of the fluid had been subjected. For example, fused ring structures, such as naphthalene, have been reported [23] as being formed from triphenyl phosphate at about 800°C. The fact that the pyrolysis takes place under non-oxidative conditions means that this may only be an approximate guide to the formation under operating conditions.…”

Section: Formation Of Other Volatile Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phillips

2006

J. Synthetic Lubrication

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The rapid darkening of hydraulic oils and fluids in use has occasionally been reported. This paper summarizes the past investigations into this phenomenon, which have largely focused on the compression of air bubbles in mineral hydraulic oil. The process leads to a form of high temperature degradation known as dieseling and the probable formation of sub-micron carbonaceous particles. The importance of system design and particularly the choice of pumps, in this process, are discussed. The primary objective, however, is to examine the effects of dieseling on phosphate ester fire-resistant fluids and to clarify if an analysis of the used fluid can indicate whether this process is taking place. An investigation of samples taken from systems displaying rapid degradation suggests that the presence of certain breakdown products may infer the approximate level of temperature to which, at least, small amounts of the fluid are being subjected. The presence of carbonaceous material in the dieseling process is also confirmed. Some suggestions made for the mechanism of its formation as well as the formation of other major degradation products. Lastly, recommendations are made for ways of minimizing this form of breakdown not only in terms of system design but also with respect to fluid properties, fluid maintenance and the use of in-situ conditioning.

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“…At high temperature, OPCs will decompose into phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids and produce many radicals [15][16][17][18][19]. These species have good flame retardant performance to lignocellulosic materials and also can promote the carbonization of lignocellulosic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%