Thermal behaviour of chlorine-antimony fire-retardant systems

Importance of Intumescence in Polymers Fire Retardancy

“…SbOCl was found to decompose in several endothermic stages: at 245-280°C to Sb4OSX2; at 410-475°C to Sb304X; above 685°C solid Sb2O3 is reformed. During the transformations gaseous SbX3 is evolved and released to the gas phase, whereas SbOX, which is a strong Lewis acid, operates in the condensed phase, facilitating the dissociation of the C-X bonds [23].…”

Studies on bromination and evaporation of antimony oxide during thermal treatment of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)

“…TBBPA, hexabromocylododecane, polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) to produce a synergistic flame retardant effect [18]. That particular effect and the bromination mechanism of oxides such as Sb 2 O 3 were investigated in several past studies [18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Flame Retardant and Smoke Suppressant of Fe‐Organophilic Montmorillonite in Polyvinyl Chloride Nanocomposites

“…The addition of natural Na-MMT in PVC does not obtain good flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties. Various alloys, organic substances, and inorganic compounds, including compounds of antimony, 9 zinc, 10 copper, 11 especially iron and molybdenum, 12,13 have been widely used to act as flame retardants and smoke suppressants for organic polymers. But these compounds are usually needed to achieve an acceptable degree of smoke suppression and impact strength.…”