Thermal bleaching of rhodamine 6G in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)

Higuchi, Fumito; Muto, J.

doi:10.1016/0375-9601(81)90315-7

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This thermal bleaching mechanism depends on the nature of the anion in the Rhodamine dyes. With chloride as the anion, Higuchi and Muto observed a dramatic thermal bleaching at temperatures between 65 and 83°C, the same temperature range within which POFs are fabricated 37. On the other hand, bleaching was nominal when chlorate was the anion, which would produce HClO 4 upon protonation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical gradient materials produced via low-temperature isothermal frontal polymerization

Masere

Lewis

2001

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using a newly developed low-temperature frontal polymerization technique, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrices were prepared with nonuniform distributions of organic nonlinear optical dyes, with potential use as optical limiters. This technique affords lower temperature conditions than have been used before. A PMMA tube was filled with a dye, the initiator tert-butyl peroxide, and methyl methacrylate (MMA). Curing at 4°C resulted in a radial gradient of dye. An axial dye gradient was observed when MMA was overlaid and polymerization effected from a dye-doped PMMA seed using tricaprylmethyl ammonium persulfate as the initiator. In both cases, polymerization reactions were observed as a result of isothermal frontal polymerization with the subsequent formation of a nonlinear concentration distribution of the optical dye dopants. Low temperatures are desirable to eliminate thermal and photothermal degradation of temperature-sensitive dyes during the polymerization. The preparation of long polymer rods with organic dye gradients on the scale of several centimeters can also be realized with the use of low-temperature polymerization and the gradients controlled by the concentration of initiator.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical gradient materials produced via low-temperature isothermal frontal polymerization

Masere

Lewis

2001

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Rhodamine-doped PMMA is heated during fabrication, and since most organic dyes are observed to be degraded when heated, 4,23,24 this has been investigated. Rhodamine 6G is available in several versions, and the most commonly used is Rhodamine 6G Cl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid state microcavity dye lasers fabricated by nanoimprint lithography

Nilsson

Nielsen

2004

Review of Scientific Instruments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present a solid state polymer microcavity dye laser, fabricated by thermal nanoimprint lithography (NIL) in a dye-doped thermoplast. The thermoplast poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) is used due to its high transparency in the visible range and its robustness to laser radiation. The laser dye is Rhodamine 6G ClO 4 . This dye is shown to withstand temperatures up to 240°C without bleaching, which makes it compatible with the thermal nanoimprint lithography process. The 1.55 m thick dye-doped PMMA devices are fabricated on a SiO 2 substrate, yielding planar waveguiding in the dye-doped PMMA with two propagating TE-TM modes. The laser cavity has the lateral shape of a trapezoid, supporting lasing modes by reflection on the vertical cavity walls. The solid polymer dye lasers emit laterally through one of the vertical cavity walls, when pumped optically through the top surface by means of a frequency doubled, pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Lasing in the wavelength region from 560 to 570 nm is observed from a laser with a side-length of 50 m. In this proof of concept, the lasers are multimode with a mode wavelength separation of approximately 1.6 nm, as determined by the waveguide propagation constant(s) and cavity dimensions. The stamps used in this work were fabricated by UV-lithography, limiting the lateral dimensional control of the devices. The resolution of NIL is ultimately limited by the quality of the stamps. Using electron beam lithography for stamp fabrication, the NIL process presented here offers the possibility for adding mode-selecting elements, e.g., diffractive-or sub-wavelength optical elements.

show abstract

“…43 Further, alteration of dye absorption parameters can result from chemical or thermal stimuli. 44,45 Due to the nature of FLaSk of dye doped systems, it is of critical importance that these effects can be taken into consideration. In the case of the employed IR-140 dye, while stable in solution with SU-8, the IR-140 both inhibited the SU-8 photochemistry and at the same time, lost much of its NIR absorption.…”

Section: Experimental Realization Of Flaskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focused laser spike (FLaSk) annealing of photoactivated chemically amplified resists for rapid hierarchical patterning

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lithographic alternatives to conventional layer-by-layer processes for the design of 3D structures such as photonic or phononic crystals often present a dichotomy: patterning control versus patterning area. We demonstrate a combined technique of large area interference lithography and local area direct write focused laser spike (FLaSk) annealing that can enable the microscale patterning of hierarchical structures defined in their morphology by the interference and defined in placement and shape by the direct write. This is accomplished by doping a commercial chemically amplified photoresist (SU-8) with an absorbing dye to provide thermal activation at a wavelength shifted from that causing UV crosslinking. In this way, the necessary post-exposure bake to complete the crosslinking of the resist is locally performed by the FLaSk laser, rather than globally on a hot plate. By utilizing the same experimental setup as used by a 3D direct write system, it is possible to integrate another level of patterning by enabling fully dense, arbitrarily written features on multiple length scales. Both experimental and simulated results of this novel processing method are shown.

show abstract

Thermal bleaching of rhodamine 6G in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Optical gradient materials produced via low-temperature isothermal frontal polymerization

Optical gradient materials produced via low-temperature isothermal frontal polymerization

Solid state microcavity dye lasers fabricated by nanoimprint lithography

Focused laser spike (FLaSk) annealing of photoactivated chemically amplified resists for rapid hierarchical patterning

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About