Thermal buffering in Afro-alpine plants due to nucleating agent-induced water freezing

Krog, John; Zachariassen, Karl Erik; Lársen, Bjørn; Smidsrød, Olav

doi:10.1038/282300a0

Cited by 76 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…High supercooling capacity is whole-leaf basis. It is believed that the advantages for freezing tolerant plants of initiating freezing closer to the equilibrium freezing temperatures, and therefore to reduce the extent of supercooling, is to avoid cellular damage and reduce the magnitude of initial cellular dehydration, resulting from the movement of symplastic cellular water to the growing extracellular ice crystals (Krog et al, 1979;Beck et al, 1982). In addition, a strong rewidest altitudinal distribution range for any tree spelationship was found between relative apoplastic water content sults point to two major homeostatic responses in M. and the amount of intercellular spaces observed in leaf sections leaves along elevational/temperature gradients in the of the giant rosette species Espeletia schultzii (Rada et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthesis and Freezing Avoidance in Ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha) at Treeline in Hawaii

Cordell

Goldstein

Melcher

et al. 2000

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. INSTAAR, University of Colorado andThe Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate, contracting on behalf of the University of Colorado at Boulder for the benefit of INSTAAR are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. AbstractMetrosideros polymorpha (Ohia), the dominant tree species in Hawaiian forest ecosystems, grows from sea level to treeline (2500 m). Carboxylation efficiency and area-based leaf N content were substantially higher at treeline than at lower elevations while leaf size and instantaneous photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE) were substantially lower at treeline. For example, PNUE decreased from 45 jimol CO2 mol N-1 at low elevation to 17.4 ,Imol CO2 mol N-1 at high elevation. In contrast, average net CO2 assimilation and integrated PNUE remained relatively constant along the elevation gradient despite suboptimal temperatures and decreased soil nitrogen availability at treeline. These and other homeostatic mechanisms allow M. polymorpha to maintain a relatively high level of growth-related activities at treeline despite frequent near-and below-freezing temperatures. High-elevation populations avoided freezing by supercooling apparently as a result of small leaves, reduced intercellular spaces, and low apoplastic water content in leaves. Ice nucleation temperatures were about -8.5?C for leaves of treeline populations, 3?C lower than those of low elevation populations. Irreversible tissue damage temperature decreased 7?C from sea level to treeline. However, the decrease appeared to be only large enough to allow M. polymorpha trees to avoid leaf tissue damage due to freezing up to the current location of treeline. All of the above leaf traits in high-elevation populations serve to promote carbon gain in a nutrient and temperature limited environment as well as to avoid freezing by supercooling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthesis and Freezing Avoidance in Ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha) at Treeline in Hawaii

Cordell

Goldstein

Melcher

et al. 2000

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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“…Indeed, many species of insects display a rapid coldhardening response, which is an increase in tolerance to low temperature after a previous exposure (Lee et al, 1987;Sinclair et al, 2003c). Although hourly cycles (as used by Brown et al, 2004) are probably unrealistic, daily cold exposure cycles are frequent events in tropical high mountain (Krog et al, 1979), temperate alpine (Sinclair, 2001b) and Antarctic (Sinclair et al, 2003b) habitats. Recordings of soil temperature during the winter of 2002 show that five consecutive frost events is, in fact, a conservative set of exposures for habitats at 200 and 800·m a.s.l.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Repeated freeze-thaw events are common daily, seasonally or annually in alpine (e.g. Krog et al, 1979;Mark, 1994), polar (e.g. Coulson et al, 1995a,b;Bockheim and Hall, 2002;Sinclair et al, 2003b), sub-polar (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deleterious effects of repeated cold exposure in a freeze-tolerant sub-Antarctic caterpillar

Sinclair

Chown

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Multiple freeze–thaw cycles are common in alpine, polar and temperate habitats. We investigated the effects of five consecutive cycles of approx.–5°C on the freeze-tolerant larvae of Pringleophaga marioniViette (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) on sub-Antarctic Marion Island. The likelihood of freezing was positively correlated with body mass, and decreased from 70%of caterpillars that froze on initial exposure to 55% of caterpillars that froze on subsequent exposures; however, caterpillars retained their freeze tolerance and did not appear to switch to a freeze-avoiding strategy. Apart from an increase in gut water, there was no difference in body composition of caterpillars frozen 0 to 5 times, suggesting that the observed effects were not due to freezing, but rather to exposure to cold per se. Repeated cold exposure did not result in mortality, but led to decreased mass, largely accounted for by a decreased gut mass caused by cessation of feeding by caterpillars. Treatment caterpillars had fragile guts with increased lipid content, suggesting damage to the gut epithelium. These effects persisted for 5 days after the final exposure to cold, and after 30 days, treatment caterpillars had regained their pre-exposure mass, whereas their control counterparts had significantly gained mass. We show that repeated cold exposure does occur in the field, and suggest that this may be responsible for the long life cycle in P. marioni. Although mean temperatures are increasing on Marion Island, several climate change scenarios predict an increase in exposures to sub-zero temperatures, which would result in an increased generation time for P. marioni. Coupled with increased predation from introduced house mice on Marion Island, this could have severe consequences for the P. marioni population.

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“…If intracellular ice does form, it is thought to be lethal to the organism because of damage to cellular membranes (Levitt, 1980). The freezing process is initiated in the apoplast of plant tissues by heterogeneous ice nucleators (Krog et al, 1979;Ashworth et al, 1985;Gross et al, 1988;Brush et al, 1994;Goldstein and Nobel, 1994). The location of these ice nucleators determines the initial distribution of ice within the tissues, whereas the size and effectiveness of the ice nucleators determine the temperature at which ice forms (Burke and Lindow, 1990;Mueller et al, 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifreeze Proteins in Winter Rye Are Similar to Pathogenesis-Related Proteins

et al. 1995

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The ability to control extracellular ice formation during freezing is critical to the survival of freezing-tolerant plants. Antifreeze proteins, which are proteins that have the ability to retard ice crystal growth, were recently identified as the most abundant apoplastic proteins in cold-acclimated winter rye (Secale cereale 1.) leaves. In the experiments reported here, amino-terminal sequence comparisons, immuno-cross-reactions, and enzyme activity assays all indicated that these antifreeze proteins are similar to members of three classes of pathogenesis-related proteins, namely, endochitinases, endo-p-l,3-glucanases, and thaumatin-like proteins. Apoplastic endochitinases and endo-p-l,3-glucanases that were induced by pathogens in freezing-sensitive tobacco did not exhibit antifreeze activity. Our findings suggest that subtle structural differences may have evolved in the pathogenesis-related proteins that accumulate at cold temperatures in winter rye to confer upon these proteins the ability to bind to ice.

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Thermal buffering in Afro-alpine plants due to nucleating agent-induced water freezing

Cited by 76 publications

References 6 publications

Photosynthesis and Freezing Avoidance in Ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha) at Treeline in Hawaii

Photosynthesis and Freezing Avoidance in Ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha) at Treeline in Hawaii

Deleterious effects of repeated cold exposure in a freeze-tolerant sub-Antarctic caterpillar

Antifreeze Proteins in Winter Rye Are Similar to Pathogenesis-Related Proteins

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