Thermal Characterization and Flammability of Structural Epoxy Adhesive and Carbon/Epoxy Composite with Environmental and Chemical Degradation

Rheological properties of neat epoxy exposed to in‐service aerospace contaminants

“… and ) to serious (impact of hydraulic fluid and anti‐icing jet fuel additive on laboratory‐scale composite materials in Refs. ). The majority of these works do not address the effect of commercial paints, primers, and gel coats that will be applied to the actual in‐service aerospace structures.…”

“…There is also limited literature on the durability of polymers and FRPs exposed to contaminants typical of aerospace operations, such as jet fuel or deicing sprayed on the wings, or anti‐icing jet fuel additive (mixed in jet fuel) or hydraulic fluid (Loos and Springer, Curliss, Rider and Yeo, work of La Saponara et al, Landry et al). Various levels of durability reduction are shown, ranging from insignificant (e.g., effect of hydraulic fluid on the composite materials in Refs.…”

“…Moreover, within the limits of this investigation, the conditioned epoxy did not exhibit statistically significant degradation due to hydraulic fluid, contrary to other epoxies in the Refs. .…”

Conformable Holographic Photonic Ink Sensors Based on Adhesive Tapes for Strain Measurements

“…Similarly, nondestructive testing (NDT), which use a robot to inspect bridge cables, requires a high-voltage X-ray tube and gamma rays for detecting wire cable damage at every cm 3 disjointing. These failure mechanisms are hard to detect and require frequent manual inspections (imaging), significantly increasing operating costs of airlines 8,9 . Fibre Bragg gratings (FBG) have been used in airplanes and other engineering applications to measure tension load by monitoring light wavelength shifts as a reliable technique.…”

“…In addition, most modern aircrafts are made of a composite material structure, which can have complex failures, such as resin cracking, fiber breakout, and disjointing. These failure mechanisms are hard to detect and require frequent manual inspections (imaging), significantly increasing operating costs of airlines. , Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) have been used in airplanes and other engineering applications to measure tension load by monitoring light wavelength shifts as a reliable technique. Attaching FBG under the composite skin and stiffener allows monitoring the structural stability of large aircrafts.…”