“…Nanomaterials, including nanodots, nanowires, nanothin films, and related composites, have been immensely investigated in the last few decades due to their wide potential applications [1][2][3][4][5]. Barium titanate [BaTiO 3 (BTO)] thin film, noted for its high dielectric constant and ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties, has aroused much attention for its potential applications in dynamic random access memories, optical modulators, waveguides, structural health monitoring (SHM), and microelectromechanical system (MEMS) [6][7][8].…”