Thermal conductivity of solid hydrogen with ortho-hydrogen concentrations between 20 and 70 at.%

Abstract

We have measured the thermal conductivity of solid hydrogen in the temperature range of 1.4-13 K.Measurements were taken on a single sample over a 196-h period. During this time the ortho-hydrogen concentration changed from 75 to 19.8 at. %. Because precise temperature control allowed corrections to be made for chan~g ortho concentration, thermal conductivity versus temperature is given for constant orthohydrogen concentrations of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 at. %. Addition of thermal resistances was assumed and-several curve fits to the data are given, including one with terms proportional to c ' T and cT '. An umklapp term is given that also agrees well with the data from previous experiments.

1I/‘Oumuamua as an N2 Ice Fragment of an exo‐Pluto Surface: I. Size and Compositional Constraints

“…23 * The thermal conductivity of solid hydrogen is strongly dependent on the ratio of ortho-hydrogen to para-hydrogen for 15 N 2 , ν scaled by m −1/2 + We exclude the value found by spectrum at 118 cm −1 Luna et al (2014) as an outlier therein, heat capacity, thermal conductivity at 30 K, β phase spectrum at 50cm −1 . 1, Silvera (1980); 2, Souers (1986), at 4.2 K; 3, Huebler and Bohn (1978), at 6 K; 4, Sandford and Allamandola (1993a);5, Shakeel et al (2018), and references therein;6, Hwang et al (2005); 7, Fenichel and Serin (1966), at 9 K; 8, Weston and Daniels (1984), at 9 K;9, Gupta (1969);10, Frels et al (1974);11, Öberg et al (2005); 12, Bisschop et al (2006);13, Collings et al (2015);14, Fayolle et al (2016);15, Lipiński et al (2007);16, Trowbridge et al (2016), at 30 K;17, Cook and Davey (1976), at 30 K;18, Stachowiak et al (1994), at 30 K;19, Luna et al (2014), and references therein;20, Bierhals (2001); 21, Clayton and Giauque (1932);22, Stachowiak et al (1998);23, Sandford and Allamandola (1988);24, Szmyrka-Grzebyk et al (1998);25, Freiman and Jodl (2004), and references;26, Bier and Jodl (1984), from peak in Raman; 27, Ramsey (1963);28, Vogt and Pitzer (1976), at 21 K;29, Jeżowski et al (1997), at 20 K;30, Orbriot et al (1978), from peak in Raman; 31, Giauque and Egan (1937), heat capacity at 82 K; 32, Sandford and Allamandola (1990);33, Blum (1975);34, Overstreet and Giauque (1937);35, Romanova et al (2013);36, Sandford and Allamandola (1993b); 37,…”

Dynamic shear stress and heat transfer of solid hydrogen, deuterium, and neon

“…6 and compared with prior studies. 29,30 As noted for each of the fluids measured, the resistance to heat transfer in the solidification region, regime (a) in Fig. 3, is almost completely invariant to the resulting changes in shear strength.…”