Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate-based composites

Abstract

To evaluate the thermal stability of ammonium nitrate-water-in-oil emulsions, the thermal decomposition kinetics and resultant products were examined. As a baseline, the thermal stability of ammonium nitrate with individual components of the emulsion was determined. Only mineral oil had any effect on the decomposition. Generally, ammonium nitrate mixed with hydrocarbons has enhanced thermal stability. However, ammonium nitrate mixed, rather than emulsified, with mineral oil can decompose along a lower energy pathway than pure ammonium nitrate. The extent of decomposition along that pathway is not large before the decomposition process results in emulsification of the ammonium nitrate and, thus, in termination of that pathway. Mineral oil appears to be unique among the hydrocarbons in its ability to destabilize ammonium nitrate. Experiments utilized differential scanning calorimetry in combination with conventional isothermal techniques.

The Impacts of Emission Control and Regional Transport on PM2.5 Ions and Carbon Components in Nanjing during the 2014 Nanjing Youth Olympic Games

“…The development of boundary layer in the morning favored the downwash of nighttimeemitted plumes from residual layer and contributed to the daytime peak (Ding et al, 2013a). However, the SO 4 2-/NO 3 -ratio showed a distinguished peak in the later afternoon, which is a combined result from a daytime buildup of sulfate due to secondary formation and a value of NO 3 -due to thermal decomposition in the afternoon (Oxley et al, 1989). It can be seen from Figs.…”

Nitrogen‐Based Fuels: A Power‐to‐Fuel‐to‐Power Analysis

“…[47] N 2ðgÞ þ3H 2 Ammonia production using renewable intermittent energy is technically feasible with current technologies. [48,49] Moreover,v arious ammonia-derived nitrogen-based fuels have been previously suggested, such as:A Na nd AN-based compositions, [50][51][52][53][54][55][56] aqueous hydroxylammonium nitrate, [57,58] ammonium dinitramide, [59][60][61][62] and aqueous AN with ammonium hydroxide or urea. [14] While the methanol economy addresses both the energy and the broad chemical sectors, [63,64] …”

Alternative Causes of Wide-Spread, Low Concentration Perchlorate Impacts to Groundwater

“…Emulsions have made it possible to shoot small diameter and wet boreholes. A typical formulation would be 80-90% AN, 4-6% hydrocarbon, 10-15% water, and 1-2% emulsifier (Oxley, 1989(Oxley, , 1992. Unlike slurries, emulsions are generally sensitized with a gassing agent or micro-balloons rather than a sensitizing chemical.…”