Thermal decomposition pathways for 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7)

Abstract

In this study, we computationally investigate the initial and subsequent steps in the chemical mechanism for the gas-phase thermal decomposition of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7). We determine the key exothermic step in the gas-phase thermal decomposition of FOX-7 and explore the similarities and differences between FOX-7 and other geminal dinitro energetic materials. The calculations reveal a mechanism for NO loss involving a 3-member cyclic intermediate, rather than a nitro-nitrite isomerization, that occurs in the radical intermediates formed throughout the decomposition mechanism.

A Kinetics Investigation on the Nitro-Nitrite Rearrangement Mediated Thermal Decomposition of High Temperature Monoclinic Phase of 1,1-Diamino-2,2-Dinitroethylene (γ-Fox-7)

“…Earlier quantum chemical calculations suggested first step of the thermal decomposition is the loss of HNO 3 , H 2 O, NO 2 29 or NO. 11 Interestingly, experimental activation energy values matched closely with the theoretically reported activation energy 5,9 for the processes shown in Schemes 1 and 3, respectively. Scheme 5.…”

The Many Faces of FOX‐7: A Precursor to High‐Performance Energetic Materials

“…Compound 2 was nitrated using mixed nitric acid and acetic anhydride as the reaction medium at 0 8 8Ctogive 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-1, 3-dinitro-6-trinitromethyl-1,3,5-triazine (3)i n8 9% yield. Thes tructure of 3 is supported by 1 Ha nd 13 CNMR spectroscopic data as well as elemental analysis (EA) (see the Supporting Information). Thenitration of other cyclic amines derived from 1 gave similar trinitromethyl derivatives,a ss hown in Scheme 1.…”

“…For future applications, FOX-7 is considered an important preferred component of propellants and has attracted interest from researchers for its high potential in diverse applications. Many studies have been performed on the synthesis, [9] molecular structure, [10] reactions, [11] theoretical calculations, [12] thermal behavior, [13] explosive performance, [14] and applications of FOX-7.…”

“…[8] These properties render FOX-7 attractive because the low sensitivity of this HEDM will reduce the risk of serious and fatal accidents during its handling and application. Forf uture applications, FOX-7 is considered an important preferred component of propellants and has attracted interest from researchers for its high potential in diverse applications.Many studies have been performed on the synthesis, [9] molecular structure, [10] reactions, [11] theoretical calculations, [12] thermal behavior, [13] explosive performance, [14] and applications of FOX-7. [15] In ac ontinuing effort to seek less sensitive,m ore powerful, eco-friendly HEDMs,o ur interest focused primarily on the modification of the molecular structure of FOX-7 to obtain new HEDMs that contain ahigh percentage of oxygen and nitrogen and lower amounts of carbon and hydrogen.…”

The Many Faces of FOX‐7: A Precursor to High‐Performance Energetic Materials

“…[7] Recently,t his compound has emerged as ap otential candidate for use as an insensitive HEDM, attracting substantial interest because its performance as an explosive is comparable to RDX. Forf uture applications, FOX-7 is considered an important preferred component of propellants and has attracted interest from researchers for its high potential in diverse applications.Many studies have been performed on the synthesis, [9] molecular structure, [10] reactions, [11] theoretical calculations, [12] thermal behavior, [13] explosive performance, [14] and applications of FOX-7. [8] These properties render FOX-7 attractive because the low sensitivity of this HEDM will reduce the risk of serious and fatal accidents during its handling and application.…”