Thermal decoupling of deuterium and tritium during the inertial confinement fusion shock-convergence phase

Kabadi, N.; Simpson, Raspberry; Adrian, Patrick; Bose, A.; Frenje, J. A.; Johnson, M. Gatu; Lahmann, B.; Li, C. K.; Parker, Cody; Séguin, F. H.; Sutcliffe, G. D.; Petrasso, R. D.; Atzeni, S.; Eriksson, J.; Forrest, C.; Fess, S.; Glebov, V. Yu.; Janezic, R.; Mannion, O. M.; Rinderknecht, H. G.; Rosenberg, Michael J.; Stoeckl, C.; Kagan, Grigory; Hoppe, M.; Luo, Rong; Schoff, M.; Shuldberg, C. M.; Sio, H.; Sánchez, Jorge; Hopkins, L. Berzak; Schlossberg, D. J.; Hahn, Kelly; Yeamans, C. B.

doi:10.1103/physreve.104.l013201

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The characteristic time scales for collisions and collective mode periods overlap, clouding the otherwise clear separation that typically simplifies theoretical models. This overlap is expected to be important to ion–ion thermal decoupling where the ion mass ratio is close to unity, as measured in a recent experiment 14 .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Temperature relaxation in strongly-coupled binary ionic mixtures

et al. 2022

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New facilities such as the National Ignition Facility and the Linac Coherent Light Source have pushed the frontiers of high energy-density matter. These facilities offer unprecedented opportunities for exploring extreme states of matter, ranging from cryogenic solid-state systems to hot, dense plasmas, with applications to inertial-confinement fusion and astrophysics. However, significant gaps in our understanding of material properties in these rapidly evolving systems still persist. In particular, non-equilibrium transport properties of strongly-coupled Coulomb systems remain an open question. Here, we study ion-ion temperature relaxation in a binary mixture, exploiting a recently-developed dual-species ultracold neutral plasma. We compare measured relaxation rates with atomistic simulations and a range of popular theories. Our work validates the assumptions and capabilities of the simulations and invalidates theoretical models in this regime. This work illustrates an approach for precision determinations of detailed material properties in Coulomb mixtures across a wide range of conditions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Temperature relaxation in strongly-coupled binary ionic mixtures

et al. 2022

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“…This is where the different ion species have different temperatures but still maintain a Maxwellian distribution of velocities. Thermal decoupling is expected to occur as strong shocks deliver different amounts of energy to different ion species depending on their ion mass and charge [26,27]. If inter-species equilibration times are longer than the fusion burn period then the separate species temperatures will affect fusion reactivity and spectra.…”

Section: Thermal Decouplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of inertial confinement fusion experiments in light ion fusion cross section measurement at nucleosynthesis relevant energies

Crilly

Garin-Fernandez²,

Appelbe³

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments create a unique laboratory environment in which thermonuclear fusion reactions occur within a plasma, with conditions comparable to stellar cores and the early universe. In contrast, accelerator-based measurements must compete with bound electron screening effects and beam stopping when measuring fusion cross sections at nucleosynthesis-relevant energies. Therefore, ICF experiments are a natural place to study nuclear reactions relevant to nuclear astrophysics. However, analysis of ICF-based measurements must address its own set of complicating factors. These include: the inherent range of reaction energies, spatial and temporal thermal temperature variation, and kinetic effects such as species separation. In this work we examine these phenomena and develop an analysis to quantify and, when possible, compensate for their effects on our inference. Error propagation in the analyses are studied using synthetic data combined with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) machine learning. The novel inference techniques will aid in the extraction of valuable and accurate data from ICF-based nuclear astrophysics experiments.

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“…The effect of non-equilibrium distributions needs to be further investigated to help understand experiments where ion kinetic effects play a large role. There is a wealth of ICF literature [1,[8][9][10][11][12][13] exploring ion kinetic effects, such as thermal decoupling, species separation, ion diffusion and Knudsen tail depletion, showing that these kinetic phenomena have a significant impact on the behaviour of the fusing plasma and ultimately the fusion performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on ion velocity distributions from fusion product spectroscopy

et al. 2022

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Recent inertial confinement fusion experiments have shown primary fusion spectral moments which are incompatible with a Maxwellian velocity distribution description. These results show that an ion kinetic description of the reacting ions is necessary. We develop a theoretical classification of non-Maxwellian ion velocity distributions using the spectral moments. At the mesoscopic level, a monoenergetic decomposition of the velocity distribution reveals there are constraints on the space of spectral moments accessible by isotropic distributions. General expressions for the directionally dependent spectral moments of anisotropic distributions are derived. At the macroscopic level, a distribution of fluid element velocities modifies the spectral moments in a constrained manner. Experimental observations can be compared to these constraints to identify the character and isotropy of the underlying reactant ion velocity distribution and determine if the plasma is hydrodynamic or kinetic.

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Thermal decoupling of deuterium and tritium during the inertial confinement fusion shock-convergence phase

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Temperature relaxation in strongly-coupled binary ionic mixtures

Temperature relaxation in strongly-coupled binary ionic mixtures

Efficacy of inertial confinement fusion experiments in light ion fusion cross section measurement at nucleosynthesis relevant energies

Constraints on ion velocity distributions from fusion product spectroscopy

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