Thermal degradation analysis of polyamide 6 processed at different cycles using sequential pyrolysis

Parrés, F.; Crespo, J. E.; Nadal-Gisbert, A.

doi:10.1002/app.30595

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As expected, a second heating scan showed no significant effect on the glass transition of the filled PA6. [ 56 ] The addition of fibers to the neat PA6 shifts the

T_{g}

to higher temperatures in the first heating scan. The baseline shift is more significant for the filled polymer as the fibers intensify the signal, and thus, no

T_{g}

was visible for the neat PA6 in the second heating scans.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greatly elevated heating rates shift the melting point to higher temperatures, while the second heating cycle, performed for the standard heating rates, shifted it to slightly lower temperatures as expected. [ 56 ] It is suggested that this results from the induced increase in crystallinity during controlled cooling in the first cycle. The addition of fibers to PA6 showed no significant change to the melting temperature at the standard heating rates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[53,54] More details on the crystallization behavior of PA6 can be found in the literature. [21,49,[56][57][58] As fibers act as nucleation sites and increase the nucleation density, [25] the addition of fibers to PA6 causes a thin transcrystalline γ-layer that covers the bulk dominated by the α-phase and grows with increasing fiber volume contents (FVC), while increasing the crystallization rate. [53,59,60] Higher cooling rates serve to reduce the transcrystallinity.…”

Section: Crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 53,54 ] More details on the crystallization behavior of PA6 can be found in the literature. [ 21,49,56–58 ]…”

Section: Theoretical Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of nonisothermal fusion bonding for extrusion additive manufacturing of large structural parts

et al. 2021

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Fusion bonding is understood to be the decisive mechanism for the interlayer strength in extrusion additive manufacturing. This study links the characteristic temperatures of semicrystalline thermoplastics, namely, PA6 with 40% carbon fibers, to the bond formation in respect to real-world processing conditions. Based on theoretical investigations, a process window is proposed for bonding to occur without polymer degradation. This range from the glass transition to the initial degradation temperature was determined through differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. A second process window for optimal bonding is proposed from the extrapolated onset crystallization temperature, T eic , to the melt temperature, T m . The validation of these process windows was conducted by bending tests according to DIN EN 178. T m was confirmed as the upper limit, with the part's geometric integrity compromised at higher temperatures. T eic had to be refuted as lower limit as no discrete reduction in bond strength was determined in alignment with T eic . Authors suggest the lower limit is defined by the lowest substrate temperature to lead to interface temperatures above the onset of melt temperature. By utilizing thermal analyses, less time and resources are required to detemine a suitable process window for extrusion additive manufacturing.

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“…As expected, a second heating scan showed no significant effect on the glass transition of the filled PA6. [ 56 ] The addition of fibers to the neat PA6 shifts the

T_{g}

to higher temperatures in the first heating scan. The baseline shift is more significant for the filled polymer as the fibers intensify the signal, and thus, no

T_{g}

was visible for the neat PA6 in the second heating scans.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 53,54 ] More details on the crystallization behavior of PA6 can be found in the literature. [ 21,49,56–58 ]…”

Section: Theoretical Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Investigation of nonisothermal fusion bonding for extrusion additive manufacturing of large structural parts

et al. 2021

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“…Thermal characterization of PA6 based SPC and the recycled composites was carried out to detect the threshold temperatures in the fabrication process applied. Thermal degradation of PA6 has been studied sufficiently [32][33][34][35] showing that it is strongly depended on the temperature and the presence of a nucleophile (i.e. water).…”

Section: Thermal Characterization By Combined Tga/dtamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechano-morphological studies of polyamide 6 based single polymer laminate composites prepared by different reactive processing techniques

et al. 2019

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Single polymer laminate composites based on polyamide 6 (PA6) were prepared by two methods: (i) reactive injection molding and (ii) powder coating/compression molding, both carried out in the presence of PA6 woven textile plies. The effect of the textile volume fraction V f on the tensile properties of all composites was investigated. The laminates obtained by powder coating/compression molding displayed best mechanical performance, whereby in the composites with V f = 15%, the improvement of the elastic modulus reached 98% in respect to commercial hydrolytic PA6 reference, or 50-86% as compared to neat anionic PA6 samples. Polarizing light microscopy with image processing was used for morphological characterization. A transcrystalline layer at the fiber-matrix interface was detected in all laminates with thicknesses between 0.5 and 3.0 μm, depending on the preparation technique applied. The thermal stability was studied in the temperature range of 30°C-550°C. The laminates obtained by reactive injection molding displayed the lowest initial decomposition temperature due to the presence of oligomers. Selected laminate composites were reprocessed by grinding and injection molding. The recycled composites obtained by powder coating displayed a 38% increase of the elastic modulus in respect to commercial hydrolytic PA6 thus confirming the sustainability and recyclability of PA6-based single polymer composites.

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The Effect of Reprocessing and Moisture on Polyamide Recycling: A Focus on Neat, Composites, and Blends

Morales,

Rodrigue

2024

Macro Materials & Eng

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Polyamides (PA), commercially known as Nylon, are versatile engineering thermoplastics extensively used in different industries due to their thermal, and chemical resistance and excellent mechanical properties. Although polyamide recycling has received significant attention due to increasing demand for sustainable practices, it is important to understand the effect of the different factors involved in the mechanical recycling of this polymer. The initial part of this review presents an overview of the PA in the industry, its classification, properties, and applications. Following this, the effects of reprocessing cycles are examined, concluding with the impact of moisture before and after the recycling of polyamides. This review not only focuses on the recycling of PA 6 and PA 66 but also includes other grades, such as PA 11 and PA 12. Additionally, it covers the recycling of PA blends and composites.

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Thermal degradation analysis of polyamide 6 processed at different cycles using sequential pyrolysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Investigation of nonisothermal fusion bonding for extrusion additive manufacturing of large structural parts

Investigation of nonisothermal fusion bonding for extrusion additive manufacturing of large structural parts

Mechano-morphological studies of polyamide 6 based single polymer laminate composites prepared by different reactive processing techniques

The Effect of Reprocessing and Moisture on Polyamide Recycling: A Focus on Neat, Composites, and Blends

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