Thermal degradation and flammability studies of wood coated with fly ash intumescent composites

Kumar, Mahesh; Kumar, Mahender; Arora, Sanjiv

doi:10.1007/s13196-013-0105-8

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Moreover, more BL-flame-retardant molecules took precedence over the dye molecules and occupied cell cavities, the wood vessel, and the aperture [36]. Furthermore, more oxygen was necessary to keep the samples burning at higher LOI values, indicating enhanced fire-retardant properties [40][41][42]. In short, the fire-retardant properties of wood samples simultaneously treated with acid red GR dye and BL-flame retardant was improved compared to untreated wood.…”

Section: Limited Oxygen Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface free energy and dynamic wettability of wood simultaneously treated with acidic dye and flame retardant

Wang

et al. 2017

J Wood Sci

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The use of multifunctional wood for decorative purpose has grown increasingly popular in recent years. In this study, fast-growing poplar wood was treated with dye (0.5%) and flame retardant (0, 10, 20, and 30%) simultaneously to enhance its visual characteristic and safety. The dynamic wettability and surface free energy of wood samples were studied using S-D wetting model and van Oss-Chaudhury-Good (vOCG) method, respectively. Dye uptake, drug load, color difference, and combustion performance were determined. The treated wood was also characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results indicated that the proposed treatment yields favorable adhesive spreading and penetration ability at the wood surface. The surface free energy of treated wood was higher than that of untreated wood, and the dye uptake, drug load, color difference, and limited oxygen index all increased after the proposed combination treatment compared to dyeonly treated wood. The results also indicated that the flame retardant reacted chemically with the wood as the dye and flame retardant molecules diffused into the cell cavity, wood vessel, and aperture.

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Section: Limited Oxygen Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface free energy and dynamic wettability of wood simultaneously treated with acidic dye and flame retardant

Wang

et al. 2017

J Wood Sci

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“…The three components of the intumescent coating are bound together using a polymeric binder (such as polyvinyl acetate-ethylene). Intumescent coatings have advantages over non-intumescent coatings being more efficient for protecting wood from fire [14]. Furthermore, intumescent coatings expand when heated beyond their critical temperature forming a charred multilayer [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Performance of Intumescent Waterborne Coatings with Encapsulated APP for Wood Constructions

et al. 2021

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In this work, intumescent coatings were prepared for protection of wood from fire. The fire-retardant chemical ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is known to have poor resistance to water and high humidity as it is hygroscopic in nature. To improve the water resistance, durability and fire resistance of the intumescent coating, APP was modified using a hybrid organic-inorganic polysiloxane encapsulation shell prepared by the sol–gel method. The physical and chemical properties of the intumescent mix containing microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (EAPP) particles were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water absorption, dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The EAPP mix showed 50% reduction in water absorption, 75% reduction in water vapor sorption and increased thermal stability when compared to the APP mix. The intumescent coatings were applied on wood samples, and their fire performance was evaluated using a cone calorimeter test. The intumescent coatings containing EAPP mix showed better fire retarding properties with longer time to ignition, lower heat release rate and shorter heat release peak when compared to the coating without EAPP mix. The prepared intumescent coating shows higher resistance to water and moisture, and it has great potential to be used in bio-based construction industry for enhancing the fire resistance of wood.

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“…FA was mainly composed of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 that could enhance the char formation process and prevent the formation of soot during combustion 28 . To a certain extent, it could inhibit the release of heat from the polymer at a high temperature 29 . The LOI value of 2.0FA/IFR/PP was 30% as the FA loading amount increased to 2%, whereas the UL‐94 vertical burning showed no grade accompanied with dripping phenomenon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect of fly ash on hydroxymethylated lignin‐containing flame retardant polypropylene: Flame retardancy and thermal stability

Song

Zong

Shan

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this study, fly ash (FA) was used as a synergist to enhance the fire resistance of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene containing hydroxymethylated lignin. Effects of fly ash on flame retardancy and thermal stability properties of polypropylene (PP) composites were investigated using a limiting oxygen index (LOI) meter, UL‐94 vertical combustion tester, cone calorimeter, and thermogravimetric analyzer. The results showed that during combustion, incorporation of FA can effectively solve the dripping problem of the PP composites. Addition of 0.5% loading amount fly ash into the PP composite (0.5FA/IFR/PP) enhanced the flame retardancy significantly. Additionally, its LOI value increased from 28% to 33%, and UL‐94 vertical burning passed V‐0 grade from V‐2 rate. Notably, owing to addition of the fly ash, the peak of heat release rate of the pure PP decreased by 58.0%. Moreover, the release of CO2 and CO was largely suppressed, and higher char residue was obtained for 0.5FA/IFR/PP. Fire safety of the PP composites was significantly improved. From the analysis of charring residues, a possible flame retardant mechanism was proposed. That is, incorporation of fly ash increased the formation of a denser and intact char layer, which is important in inhibiting heat and flammable gases generated during combustion of underlined matrix.

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Thermal degradation and flammability studies of wood coated with fly ash intumescent composites

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Surface free energy and dynamic wettability of wood simultaneously treated with acidic dye and flame retardant

Surface free energy and dynamic wettability of wood simultaneously treated with acidic dye and flame retardant

Fire Performance of Intumescent Waterborne Coatings with Encapsulated APP for Wood Constructions

Synergistic effect of fly ash on hydroxymethylated lignin‐containing flame retardant polypropylene: Flame retardancy and thermal stability

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