Thermal degradation behavior and mechanism of polybenzoxazine based on bisphenol-S and methylamine

Liu, Yanfang; Zhang, Haili; Wang, Man; Liao, Chunyan; Zhang, Jian

doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2678-7

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In this regard, polybenzoxazines are promising alternative materials for applications where epoxies, bismaleimides and even polyimides are used . Although the stability of polybenzoxazines is rather excellent under inert atmospheres, the thermal degradation of polybenzoxazines under oxidizing atmospheres, like epoxies and polyimides, is still serious . The thermal degradation of traditional polybenzoxazines under oxidizing atmospheres limits the application under special conditions, hence novel polybenzoxazines which have high thermo‐oxidative stability is highly desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greatly enhanced thermo‐oxidative stability of polybenzoxazine thermoset by incorporation of m‐carborane

Huang

Zhang

Meng

et al. 2015

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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Novel polybenzoxazine precursor containing m-carborane unit in the main-chain has been firstly synthesized through click reaction of diazidomethyl m-carborane (DAMC) and diacetylene bisbenzoxazine (DABB). Meanwhlie, the traditional polybenzoxazine precursor was also prepared through click reaction of diazidomethyl p-benzene (DAPB) and DABB as a control. 1H NMR was used to confirm the structures of the monomers and the resulting polymers. FT-IR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to study the curing behavior of carborane-containing benzoxazine polymer (CCBP). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) study demonstrated that the cured CCBP had high storage moduli and high Tg. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and ablation test showed that the cured CCBP had outstanding thermo-oxidative stability. During thermal ablation of cured CCBP, organic material was degraded, and a passivation layer with oxidized m-carboranes was formed, which prevented the underlying polymer from further degradation. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 973-980

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greatly enhanced thermo‐oxidative stability of polybenzoxazine thermoset by incorporation of m‐carborane

Huang

Zhang

Meng

et al. 2015

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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“…The absorption at 1294 cm⁻ 1 is characteristic of P=O. Meanwhile, the symmetric stretching vibration of sulfone (1153 cm⁻ 1 ) and the stretching vibration of aromatic C-S (1075 cm⁻ 1 ) can be clearly observed [ 27 ]. All of these results conform to the expected structure of BADPS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Reactive Phosphorus–Sulfur Containing Flame-Retardant Monomer on the Flame Retardancy and Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin

et al. 2020

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A novel reactive phosphorus and sulfur-containing monomer (bis(acryloxyethyldiphenylphosphate)sulfone, BADPS) was synthesized to enhance the comprehensive performance of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), and corresponding flame-retardant unsaturated polyester resins (FR-UPRs) with various amounts of BADPS were prepared by radical bulk polymerization. The flame retardancy and thermal and mechanical properties of the UPR samples were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurements, cone calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and a tension test. The results showed that the introduction of BADPS remarkably enhanced the flame resistance and high-temperature stability, as well as the tensile performance of UPR. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy studies revealed that BADPS can efficaciously promote the formation of UPR char residue with an improved microstructure and increased graphitization degree, which enhancedthe high-temperature stability and char yield of UPR. Additionally, a thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR) analysis corroborated that the evolution of combustible volatiles from UPR decomposition was substantially restrained by the incorporation of BADPS, which is beneficial for the suppression of fire hazards in UPR.

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“…Bisphenol-S (abbreviated as BS) and either methylamine-or aniline-based benzoxazines were synthesized with formaldehyde by Liu et al to form poly(BA-ma) and poly(BS-a). [50,51]. Thermogravimetric mass spectrometry (TG-MS) analysis on poly(BS-a) indicated the detachment of the Schiff base first during thermal degradation, and evaporation of sulfurous gases at higher temperatures of 330 • C caused by the scission of the C-S bond, with more carbocation fragments evolving at higher temperatures [50].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Carbonization From Polybenzoxazinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermogravimetric mass spectrometry (TG-MS) analysis on poly(BS-a) indicated the detachment of the Schiff base first during thermal degradation, and evaporation of sulfurous gases at higher temperatures of 330 • C caused by the scission of the C-S bond, with more carbocation fragments evolving at higher temperatures [50]. Liu et al conducted a similar analysis with PBS-m and observed that the methylamine contained weaker C-H and C-N bonds compared to the C-C bonds in the aniline which allowed for the evolution of C and H in degradation products [51]. Hamerton et al cited that the reason for the scission of the C-N bonds was due to the lower dissociation energy, confirming the results of Liu et al that sulfur linkages are what contributes greatly to char formation by scission of the C-S bond [51,52].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Carbonization From Polybenzoxazinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Carbon Materials Derived from Polybenzoxazines: A Review

et al. 2021

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This comprehensive review article summarizes the key properties and applications of advanced carbonaceous materials obtained from polybenzoxazines. Identification of several thermal degradation products that arose during carbonization allowed for several different mechanisms (both competitive ones and independent ones) of carbonization, while also confirming the thermal stability of benzoxazines. Electrochemical properties of polybenzoxazine-derived carbon materials were also examined, noting particularly high pseudocapacitance and charge stability that would make benzoxazines suitable as electrodes. Carbon materials from benzoxazines are also highly versatile and can be synthesized and prepared in a number of ways including as films, foams, nanofibers, nanospheres, and aerogels/xerogels, some of which provide unique properties. One example of the special properties is that materials can be porous not only as aerogels and xerogels, but as nanofibers with highly tailorable porosity, controlled through various preparation techniques including, but not limited to, the use of surfactants and silica nanoparticles. In addition to the high and tailorable porosity, benzoxazines have several properties that make them good for numerous applications of the carbonized forms, including electrodes, batteries, gas adsorbents, catalysts, shielding materials, and intumescent coatings, among others. Extreme thermal and electrical stability also allows benzoxazines to be used in harsher conditions, such as in aerospace applications.

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Thermal degradation behavior and mechanism of polybenzoxazine based on bisphenol-S and methylamine

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Greatly enhanced thermo‐oxidative stability of polybenzoxazine thermoset by incorporation of m‐carborane

Greatly enhanced thermo‐oxidative stability of polybenzoxazine thermoset by incorporation of m‐carborane

Effects of a Reactive Phosphorus–Sulfur Containing Flame-Retardant Monomer on the Flame Retardancy and Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin

Advanced Carbon Materials Derived from Polybenzoxazines: A Review

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