Thermal degradation of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in scallop digestive glands

Indrasena, W.M.; Gill, Tom

doi:10.1016/s0963-9969(99)00073-3

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…All PSTs are expected to partially form hemiketals with methanol, promoting their retention on the silica column and by addition of water in the elution buffers the equilibriums are shifted back towards the hydrated ketone. Using high pH conditions raises potential problems related to the toxins' stability, since STX is known to slowly degrade under strongly alkaline conditions (1 M NaOH) in the presence of oxygen [15,31,32,37]. However, under the conditions used in the SPE method described above no loss of parent compound was detected after 60 min at 20 ± 1 • C (data not shown).…”

Section: Silica and Scx Solid Phase Extractionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins, potential chemical threat agents, in food using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Jansson

Åstot

2015

Journal of Chromatography A

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Section: Silica and Scx Solid Phase Extractionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins, potential chemical threat agents, in food using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Jansson

Åstot

2015

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…Analysis of this suite of toxins was adequate for this study since toxin analyses were performed only to confirm that the toxic strains were indeed toxic and that the non-toxic strains were non-toxic. Additionally, the toxins that were not analyzed, the B and C saxitoxins and decarbamoyl saxitoxins, have been found to be the least potent of the toxins (Schantz 1986, Indrasena & Gill 1999.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense on the copepod Acartia hudsonica: a test of the mechanisms that reduce ingestion rates

Colin

Dam²

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Reduced grazing on harmful algal bloom species has been attributed to both the feeding deterrence and toxicity of the algae. Both toxic and deterrent effects of dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium, which contain toxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning, have been reported on different copepod species. We examined how toxin-containing Alexandrium fundyense affected ingestion rates of 2 geographically distinct Acartia hudsonica (Copepoda: Calanoida) populations over short timescales. The copepod population from Great Bay, New Jersey, has never been exposed to blooms of toxic A. fundyense, whereas the population from Casco Bay, Maine, has experienced regular blooms of the highly toxic dinoflagellate for decades. Our goals were to examine the mechanisms by which toxin-containing Alexandrium reduced the ingestion rates of copepods and determine whether the mechanisms were related to the exposure history of copepod populations. Copepods were fed, for 48 h durations, sole diets of toxin-containing A. fundyense, non-toxin containing Alexandrium tamarense and the green flagellate Tetraselmis sp. (not known to have toxic effects) and different mixtures of each (70% Alexandrium/30% Tetraselmis sp., 40/60, 20/80). Changes in ingestion rates over time were determined by measuring ingestion at different time intervals (3, 6, 12, 24, 48 h) over the 48 h period using 3 h incubations. The naïve copepods from New Jersey initially ingested toxin-containing A. fundyense, in both sole and mixed diets, at high rates followed by decreases in ingestion over time. By 24 h, their total ingestion rates were near zero. The decreases in ingestion rates, which were not due to prey selection, were also accompanied by reduced respiration rates. In contrast, none of these effects were observed when the New Jersey copepods fed on non-toxic A. tamarense. Additionally, feeding rates of historically exposed copepods from Maine were not affected by the toxin-containing A. fundyense diets. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that toxic A. fundyense physiologically incapacitated the copepods from New Jersey but not those from Maine. Such toxic effects, as opposed to deterrence effects, can have profound implications on the grazers' ability to control harmful algal blooms.

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“…Of the suite of saxitoxins present in A. fundyense, we quantified the most potent -STX, neosaxitoxin (NEO) and gonyautoxins I-IV (GTX 1-4) (Schantz, 1986;Indrasena and Gill, 1999). This was sufficient to confirm the toxic nature of A. fundyense.…”

Section: Collection and Culture Of Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing for resistance of pelagic marine copepods to a toxic dinoflagellate

Colin

Dam

2005

Evol Ecol

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Abstract. With few exceptions, the evolutionary consequences of harmful algae to grazers in aquatic systems remain unexplored. To examine both the ecological and evolutionary consequences of harmful algae on marine zooplankton, we used a two-fold approach. In the first approach, we examined the life history responses of two geographically separate Acartia hudsonica (Copepoda: Calanoida) populations reared on diets containing the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense.

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Thermal degradation of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in scallop digestive glands

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins, potential chemical threat agents, in food using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins, potential chemical threat agents, in food using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense on the copepod Acartia hudsonica: a test of the mechanisms that reduce ingestion rates

Testing for resistance of pelagic marine copepods to a toxic dinoflagellate

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