Thermal dissolution of Estonian oil shale

Influence of pyrolysis condition and transition metal salt on the product yield and characterization via Huadian oil shale pyrolysis

“…Williams and Chishti [6] studied the effect of zeolite catalysts, the results exhibited that the use of catalysts markedly decreased the overall content of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) in the derived Pakistan shale oil. Tiikma et al [7] noted that in comparison with http low-temperature pyrolysis of Estonian oil shale without any solvents, the presence of water and ethanol could accelerated the formation of thermo-bitumen. Deng et al [8] also reflected that the sub-critical water could extract more long-chain alkanes from oil shale, resulting in parts of alkenes transformed to alkanes.…”

Determination of the Total Sulphur Content of Oil Shale by Using Different Analytical Methods

“…Oil shale (OS) is a fossil fuel which is usually described as a complex material since it contains organics (kerogen) and a wide range of minerals [1][2][3][4][5]. Estonia is highly dependent on oil shale -90% of electricity is produced from it [6].…”

Liquefaction of Ni̇ğde-Ulukişla Oil Shale: The Effects of Process Parameters on the Conversion of Liquefaction Products

“…Thus, the addition of hydrogen to the reaction medium, which mainly determines the cost of liquefaction processes, could be minimized by use of oil shale in these processes. As a result, much of the research has been focused on the possibility of liquefaction of oil shale by pyrolysis [8][9][10][11][12][13][14], co-pyrolysis [15][16][17][18][19][20][21], supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) [5,[22][23][24] and retorting [25][26][27][28][29].…”