Thermal dynamics modeling of a 3D wind sensor based on hot thin film anemometry

Atienza, Maria-Teresa; Kowalski, Łukasz; Gorreta, Sergi; Jiménez, Vicente G.; Domínguez-Pumar, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2018.01.030

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The detail of each board has been presented in [2,31,32]. The objective is to monitor convection heat transfer from four silicon dice which are heated above the temperature of the air and are kept at a constant temperature difference with regard to a fifth die, a cold die, which is not heated, on the same board.…”

Section: Mars Wind Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving resilience of sensors in planetary exploration using data-driven models

Kumar,

Dominguez-Pumar,

Sayrol-Clols

et al. 2023

Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol.

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Improving the resilience of sensor systems in space exploration is a key objective since the environmental conditions to which they are exposed are very harsh. For example, it is known that the presence of flying debris and Dust Devils on the Martian surface, can partially damage sensors present in rovers/landers. The objective of this work is to show how data-driven methods can improve sensor resilience, particularly in the case of complex sensors, with multiple intermediate variables, feeding an inverse algorithm based on calibration data. The method considers three phases: an initial phase in which the sensor is calibrated in the laboratory and an inverse algorithm is designed; a second phase, in which the sensor is placed at its intended location and sensor data is used to train data-driven model; and a third phase, once the model has been trained and a partial damage is detected, in which the data-driven algorithm is reducing errors. The proposed method is tested with the intermediate data of the wind sensor of the TWINS instrument (NASA InSight mission), consisting of two booms placed on the deck of the lander, and three boards per boom. Wind speed and angle are recovered from the intermediate variables provided by the sensor and predicted by the proposed method. A comparative analysis of various data-driven methods including Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) methods is carried out for the proposed research. It is shown, that the even simple method such as K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) is capable of successfully recovering missing data of a board compared to complex DL models. Depending on the selected missing board, errors are reduced by a factor between 2.4 and 4.77, for horizontal velocity; and by a factor between 1.25 and 6.3, for angle, compared with the situation of using only the two remaining boards.

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Section: Mars Wind Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving resilience of sensors in planetary exploration using data-driven models

Kumar,

Dominguez-Pumar,

Sayrol-Clols

et al. 2023

Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As it has been mentioned in the Introduction, the sensor structure is the same proposed for 3D wind sensing on Mars [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. The sensor is a 10 mm diameter sphere composed of four equally shaped sectors.…”

Section: Sensor Description and Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of this paper is to present the first 3D heat flux sensor for planetary regolith. Its structure is based on the work made by the authors on a miniaturized spherical 3D wind sensor for Mars atmosphere [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. By operating the active parts of the sensor at constant temperature, it is possible to obtain sensor signals that depend on the vector heat flow at the sensor location, not on the temperature gradient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Miniaturized 3D Heat Flux Sensor to Characterize Heat Transfer in Regolith of Planets and Small Bodies

Domínguez-Pumar

Rodríguez-Manfredi

Jiménez

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The objective of this work is to present the first analytical and experimental results obtained with a 3D heat flux sensor for planetary regolith. The proposed structure, a sphere divided in four sectors, is sensible to heat flow magnitude and angle. Each sector includes a platinum resistor that is used both to sense its temperature and provide heating power. By operating the sectors at constant temperature, the sensor gives a response that is proportional to the heat flux vector in the regolith. The response of the sensor is therefore independent of the thermal conductivity of the regolith. A complete analytical solution of the response of the sensor is presented. The sensor may be used to provide information on the instantaneous local thermal environment surrounding a lander in planetary exploration or in small bodies like asteroids. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first sensor capable of measuring local 3D heat flux.

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“…Signal routing is accomplished with wire-bonding from the dice to the supporting PCB. The main advantage of this solution is the reduction of the time response [ 40 ], since the silicon dice are small (1.5 mm × 1.5 mm × 0.5 mm), have a very small mass, and are placed directly in contact with the airflow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the Performance of a Miniature 3D Wind Sensor for Mars

Domínguez-Pumar

Kowalski

Jiménez

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This paper analyzes the behavior of a miniature 3D wind sensor designed for Mars atmosphere. The sensor is a spherical structure of 10 mm diameter divided in four sectors. By setting all the sectors to constant temperature, above that of the air, the 3D wind velocity vector can be measured. Two sets of experiments have been performed. First, an experimental campaign made under typical Mars conditions at the Aarhus Wind Tunnel Simulator is presented. The results demonstrate that both wind speed and angle can be efficiently measured, using a simple inverse algorithm. The effect of sudden wind changes is also analyzed and fast response times in the range of 0.7 s are obtained. The second set of experiments is focused on analyzing the performance of the sensor under extreme Martian wind conditions, reaching and going beyond the Dust Devil scale. To this purpose, both high-fidelity numerical simulations of fluid dynamics and heat transfer and experiments with the sensor have been performed. The results of the experiments, made for winds in the Reynolds number 1000–2000 range, which represent 65–130 m/s of wind speed under typical Mars conditions, further confirm the simulation predictions and show that it will be possible to successfully measure wind speed and direction even under these extreme regimes.

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Thermal dynamics modeling of a 3D wind sensor based on hot thin film anemometry

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Improving resilience of sensors in planetary exploration using data-driven models

Improving resilience of sensors in planetary exploration using data-driven models

A Miniaturized 3D Heat Flux Sensor to Characterize Heat Transfer in Regolith of Planets and Small Bodies

Analyzing the Performance of a Miniature 3D Wind Sensor for Mars

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