Thermal environment for overwintering hatchlings of the painted turtle (<i>Chrysemys picta</i>)

Packard, Gary C.; Fasano, Sarah L.; Attaway, Marcus B.; Lohmiller, Leslie D.; Lynch, Trina L.

doi:10.1139/z97-050

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It is not known how C. longicollis and E. macquarii accelerate development, but heart rates are not fixed and environmental conditions merely determine the limits of heart rate and thus developmental rate (McGlashan et al, 2012;Loudon et al, 2013). Synchronous hatching has evolved in many aquatic turtles with many abiotic and biotic factors serving as the cues (Webb et al, 1986;Thompson, 1989;Lindeman, 1991;Packard et al, 1997;Doody et al, 2001;Spencer et al, 2001;Packard and Packard, 2004;Tucker et al, 2008;Colbert et al, 2010;Spencer and Janzen, 2011). Synchronous hatching is not a passive action, it is driven by embryo-embryo communication in the nest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hatching behavior of eastern long-necked turtles ( Chelodina longicollis ): The influence of asynchronous environments on embryonic heart rate and phenotype

McGlashan

Loudon

Thompson

et al. 2015

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hatching behavior of eastern long-necked turtles ( Chelodina longicollis ): The influence of asynchronous environments on embryonic heart rate and phenotype

McGlashan

Loudon

Thompson

et al. 2015

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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“…The remarkable ability of hatchling C. picta to tolerate subzero temperatures (to -11°C in natural nests : Woolverton 1963;Costanzo et al 1995;Packard 1997;Packard et al 1997) has been suggested as a factor promoting the species' extreme northern distribution (Paukstis et al 1989;St. Clair and Gregory 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overwintering in the nest by hatchling map turtles (Graptemys geographica)

Nagle¹,

Lutz²,

Pyle³

2004

Can. J. Zool.

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We monitored 75 natural nests of Graptemys geographica (Lesueur, 1817) in central Pennsylvania to determine the tactics and patterns of hatchling emergence. Following incubation, all hatchlings in 95% of nests delayed emergence from their natal nest cavities throughout autumn and winter until the following spring. Nests were constructed in a variety of substrates ranging from loose sand or coal to hard-packed clay mixed with gravel. Time from egg deposition to natural hatchling emergence averaged 333 days. During winter, hatchlings tolerated subzero temperatures as low as -8°C, which are lethal to hatchlings of some sympatric species. Emergence occurred from 10 April to 25 May, and most hatchlings were found during morning following rain. There was an interactive effect of minimum daily air temperature and rainfall level 1 day prior to emergence on the number of hatchlings emerging each day. One half of all hatchlings found dead were contained in nests in which autumn emergence had apparently occurred. We speculate that autumn emergence by hatchlings of some turtle species may be an adaptive response to nest conditions likely to provide poor environments for successful overwintering.Résumé : Nous avons suivi 75 nids naturels de Graptemys geographica (Lesueur, 1817) dans le centre de la Pennsylvanie afin de déterminer les stratégies et les patterns d'émergence des nouveau-nés. Après l'incubation, dans 95 % des nids, tous les nouveau-nés retardent leur émergence de la cavité du nid natal pendant l'automne et l'hiver jusqu'au printemps suivant. Les nids sont construits dans une variété de substrats, allant de sable ou de charbon non consolidé à de la glaise compacte mêlée de gravier. Le temps entre la ponte des oeufs et l'émergence naturelle des petits est en moyenne de 333 jours. En hiver, les petits supportent le gel jusqu'à -8°C, des températures létales pour les nouveaunés de quelques autres espèces sympatriques. L'émergence a eu lieu du 10 avril au 25 mai et la plupart des petits ont été retrouvés le matin après une pluie. Il y a un effet interactif entre la température minimale journalière de l'air et la quantité de précipitations la veille de l'émergence, d'une part, et le nombre de petits qui émergent chaque jour, d'autre part. La moitié de tous les nouveau-nés trouvés morts proviennent de nids où il s'est apparemment produit une émer-gence d'automne. Nous posons l'hypothèse que l'émergence à l'automne des nouveau-nés chez certaines espèces de tortues peut être une réaction adaptative à des conditions dans le nid qui vont vraisemblablement fournir un mauvais environnement pour survivre à l'hiver.[Traduit par la Rédaction] Nagle et al. 1218

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“…As winter approaches and nest temperatures fall, hatchlings become more cold hardy and are able to survive modest subzero exposures either by freezing or by remaining supercooled (Costanzo et al 1998). However, nest temperatures in winter can fluctuate substantially, including abrupt decreases (i.e., 0Њ to Ϫ13ЊC in ∼24 h; Packard et al 1997), and in the northern part of the painted turtle's range can be less than Ϫ15ЊC (Costanzo et al 2008). Having the capacity to rapidly enhance cold hardiness during the more extreme temperature fluctuations would seemingly lessen winter mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Chilling to Subzero Temperature Increases Cold Hardiness in the Hatchling Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta)

Muir

Costanzo²,

Lee³

2010

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Although many studies of ectothermic vertebrates have documented compensatory changes in cold hardiness associated with changes of season, much less attention has been paid to adjustment of physiological functions and survival limits following more acute exposure to cold. We investigated the ability of hatchling painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) to increase cold hardiness in response to brief exposure to a subzero temperature. Winter-acclimated turtles were "cold conditioned" by chilling them in the supercooled (unfrozen) state to -7 degrees C over a few days before returning them to 4 degrees C. These turtles fared no better than control animals in resisting freezing when cooled in the presence or absence of ice and exogenous ice nuclei. Survival following tests of freeze tolerance (freezing for about 70 h; minimum body temperature, -3.75 degrees C) was nominally higher in cold-conditioned turtles than in controls (36% vs. 13%, respectively), although the difference was not statistically significant. Of the survivors, cold-conditioned turtles apparently recovered sooner. Turtles subjected to cold shock (supercooling to -13 degrees C for 24 h, followed by rewarming to 0 degrees C) were strongly affected by cold conditioning: all controls died, but 50% of cold-conditioned turtles survived. We investigated potential mechanisms underlying the response to cold conditioning by measuring changes in levels of putative cryoprotectants. Plasma levels of glucose and lactate, but not urea, were higher in cold-conditioned turtles than in controls, although the combined increase in these solutes was only 23 mmol L(-1). Cold conditioning attenuated cold-shock injury to brain cells, as assessed using a vital-dye assay, suggesting a link between protection of the nervous system and cold hardiness at the organismal level.

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Thermal environment for overwintering hatchlings of the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta)

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

Hatching behavior of eastern long-necked turtles ( Chelodina longicollis ): The influence of asynchronous environments on embryonic heart rate and phenotype

Hatching behavior of eastern long-necked turtles ( Chelodina longicollis ): The influence of asynchronous environments on embryonic heart rate and phenotype

Overwintering in the nest by hatchling map turtles (Graptemys geographica)

Brief Chilling to Subzero Temperature Increases Cold Hardiness in the Hatchling Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta)

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