Abstract:A thermal, environmental, and cost analysis of an effective solar portable vaccine refrigerator is presented. Combining Peltier module with appropriate finned heat sink, choosing advanced software for thermal analysis, evaluating the environmental impacts of the combination, and comparing with other refrigerators are the key objectives of the present research. The Peltier module and the finned heat sink are professionally designed to enhance the thermal performance of the solar portable vaccine refrigerator. A… Show more
“…With this concept, Buitendach, Jiya, and Gouws succeeded in creating a portable storage unit that tends to last up to 72 h (3 days) with a temperature control accuracy of 1 °C and a capacity of up to 250 vials ( Buitendach et al, 2019 ). Al-Madhhachi and Al-Najideen (2020), with COMSOL Multiphysics technology, also succeeded in developing a storage unit by utilizing a lower solar panel power of 70 watts ( Al-Madhhachi and Al-Najideen, 2021 ). Meanwhile, Satria, Jaenul, Gamayel (2021) developed a more practical concept by making a storage unit in the form of a backpack with solar cells mounted on the outside ( Satria et al, 2021 ) (see Fig.…”
Section: Latest Inventions and Innovationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 9 Solar portable vaccine refrigerator by COMSOL Multiphysics ( Al-Madhhachi and Al-Najideen, 2021 ). …”
Section: Latest Inventions and Innovationsmentioning
The outbreaks of infectious diseases that spread across countries have generally existed for centuries. An example is the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which led to the loss of lives and economic depreciation. One of the essential ways of handling the spread of viruses is the discovery and administration of vaccines. However, the major challenges of vaccination programs are associated with the vaccine cold chain management and cold storage facilities. This paper discusses how vaccine cold chain management and cold storage technology can address the challenges of vaccination programs. Specifically, it examines different systems for preserving vaccines in either liquid or frozen form to help ensure that they are not damaged during distribution from manufacturing facilities. Furthermore, A vaccine is likely to provide very low efficacy when it is not properly stored. According to preliminary studies, the inability to store vaccine properly is partly due to the incompetency of many stakeholders, especially in technical matters. The novelty of this study is to thoroughly explore cold storage technology for a faster and more comprehensive vaccine distribution hence it is expected to be one of the reference and inspiration for stakeholders.
“…With this concept, Buitendach, Jiya, and Gouws succeeded in creating a portable storage unit that tends to last up to 72 h (3 days) with a temperature control accuracy of 1 °C and a capacity of up to 250 vials ( Buitendach et al, 2019 ). Al-Madhhachi and Al-Najideen (2020), with COMSOL Multiphysics technology, also succeeded in developing a storage unit by utilizing a lower solar panel power of 70 watts ( Al-Madhhachi and Al-Najideen, 2021 ). Meanwhile, Satria, Jaenul, Gamayel (2021) developed a more practical concept by making a storage unit in the form of a backpack with solar cells mounted on the outside ( Satria et al, 2021 ) (see Fig.…”
Section: Latest Inventions and Innovationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 9 Solar portable vaccine refrigerator by COMSOL Multiphysics ( Al-Madhhachi and Al-Najideen, 2021 ). …”
Section: Latest Inventions and Innovationsmentioning
The outbreaks of infectious diseases that spread across countries have generally existed for centuries. An example is the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which led to the loss of lives and economic depreciation. One of the essential ways of handling the spread of viruses is the discovery and administration of vaccines. However, the major challenges of vaccination programs are associated with the vaccine cold chain management and cold storage facilities. This paper discusses how vaccine cold chain management and cold storage technology can address the challenges of vaccination programs. Specifically, it examines different systems for preserving vaccines in either liquid or frozen form to help ensure that they are not damaged during distribution from manufacturing facilities. Furthermore, A vaccine is likely to provide very low efficacy when it is not properly stored. According to preliminary studies, the inability to store vaccine properly is partly due to the incompetency of many stakeholders, especially in technical matters. The novelty of this study is to thoroughly explore cold storage technology for a faster and more comprehensive vaccine distribution hence it is expected to be one of the reference and inspiration for stakeholders.
“…Al-Madhhachi [ 10 ] worked on the optimization of a solar portable refrigerator unit for vaccines. Their cooling unit worked with solar panels and it was utilized with heat sinks.…”
Due to the high enthalpy of fusion in water, ice storage systems are known as one of the best cold thermal energy storage systems. The phase change material used in these systems is water, thus it is inexpensive, accessible, and completely eco-friendly. However, despite the numerous advantages of these systems, the phase change process in them is time-consuming and this leads to difficulties in their practical application. To solve this problem, the addition of nanomaterials can be helpful. This study aims to investigate the compound heat transfer enhancement of a cylindrical-shaped unit equipped with double helically coiled coolant tubes using connecting plates and nano additives as heat transfer augmentation methods. Complex three-dimensional numerical simulations are carried out here to assess the best heat exchanger material as well as the impact of various nanoparticle types, including alumina, copper oxide, and titania, and their concentrations in the PCM side of the ice storage unit. The influence of these parameters is discussed on the charging rate and the temperature evolution factor in these systems. The results suggest that using nano additives, as well as the connecting plates, together is a promising way to enhance the solidification rate by up to 29.9%.
The efficacy of vaccine storage is significantly impacted by temperature fluctuations within the cooler, often exacerbated by using phase change materials in existing cooler designs for remote areas. These materials can undergo uneven melting and phase separation, leading to temperature instability and vaccine potency loss. In response to this challenge, the present study introduces a novel design of a portable, locally‐made solar‐powered cooler optimized for longer storage periods. The cooler's performance in terms of temperature distribution, airflow dynamics, and the coefficient of performance (COP) is meticulously examined through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The simulated results were validated using experimental data from the open literature, ensuring accuracy and reliability. The findings indicate that the developed cooler achieves significant improvements over traditional models. For instance, the current model reaches a temperature of +12°C in just 84 min, compared to 208 min, as reported in the literature results. Moreover, the current model reaches a temperature of −12°C in 195 min and it has energy efficient with a COP of 4.5. Statistical analysis further confirms the reliability of the simulation results, with root mean square and mean absolute percentage errors of 6.587 and 24.2%, respectively. Additionally, a comparative study of five insulative materials highlights polyurethane (Po) as the top performer, with a heat transfer performance of 14.3%, followed by feather fiber (Fe) (18.7%), fly ash (Fl) (19.8%), fiberglass (Fi) (21.9%), and coconut fiber (Co) (25.9%). Notably, net present value (NPV) of $689.336 and $448.01 was obtained for economic analysis of the current model over the existing model, showing the feasibility of the study. Hence, the cooler's effectiveness in storing vaccines in isolated regions exceeds that of conventional models, providing a hopeful solution to tackle vital challenges in vaccine distribution and preservation.
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