Thermal Expansion Coefficients For Sea Ice

Johnson, Jerome Β.; Metzner, Ronald C.

doi:10.3189/002214390793701327

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Typical strain resolution for FBG systems is 10 −6 (1 strain) or better, and the accuracy is typically 5 ⋅ 10 −6 (5 strain). These characteristics are comparable to Michelson Interferometer Laser Dilatometers as used by Johnson and Metzner [5] and discussed above. The variation (Δ Bragg ) of the peak wavelength caused by the extension (Δ / ) and the change of the temperature (Δ ) of the sensor is described by the equation…”

Section: Instrumentationsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The less saline sample also shows a slightly nonlinear, but still positive, ECTE (Figure 11(b)). In both of the experiments hysteresis was observed in the strain-temperature curves at the points where the cycle switches from heating to cooling: similar effects were observed by Butkovich [7] and Johnson and Metzner [5]. Figures 11(c) and 11(d) show the relative changes of the ICP masses in the ice samples calculated with formula (15).…”

Section: Thermal Expansion Of Unconfined Icesupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Fluid volume changes were then used to calculate thermal volume expansion coefficients. Johnson and Metzner [5] note that this procedure assumes that no additional fluid is added to the volume of the immersion fluid. This assumption has been found to be invalid, since brine can 2 Journal of Sensors leak out of the sample and be expelled into the immersion fluid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Johnson and Metzner [5] used a Michelson Interferometer to measure linear thermal expansion of cylindrical ice samples taken from a sheet of first-year congelation sea ice in Harrison Bay, Alaska. Their apparatus included the interferometer along with a sample holder, temperature control unit, and computer-controlled data acquisition unit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Expansion Measurements in Fresh and Saline Ice Using Fiber Optic Strain Gauges and Multipoint Temperature Sensors Based on Bragg Gratings

Marchenko¹,

Lishman

Wrangborg³

et al. 2016

Journal of Sensors

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This paper describes the use of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors to investigate the thermomechanical properties of saline ice. FBG sensors allowed laboratory measurements of thermal expansion of ice samples with a range of different sizes and geometries. The high sampling frequency, accuracy, and resolution of the FBG sensors provide good quality data across a temperature range from 0 ∘ C to −20 ∘ C. Negative values of the effective coefficient of thermal expansion were observed in ice samples with salinities 6 ppt, 8 ppt, and 9.4 ppt. A model is formulated under which structural transformations in the ice, caused by temperature changes, can lead to brine transfer from closed pockets to permeable channels, and vice versa. This model is compared to experimental data. Further, in experiments with confined floating ice, heating as well as thermal expansion due to vertical migration of liquid brine, caused by under-ice water pressure, was observed.

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Section: Instrumentationsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Thermal Expansion Of Unconfined Icesupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Expansion Measurements in Fresh and Saline Ice Using Fiber Optic Strain Gauges and Multipoint Temperature Sensors Based on Bragg Gratings

Marchenko¹,

Lishman

Wrangborg³

et al. 2016

Journal of Sensors

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“…The 1.5‐D thermal stress model contains four physical constants: the Young's Modulus ( E ), the thermal expansion coefficient ( α ), the Poisson ratio ( ν ), and the viscous creep relaxation time constant ( τ ). Of those four physical constants, α and ν are well constrained by observations [ Johnson and Metzner , ; Timco and Weeks , ], and E and τ are not well constrained.…”

Section: Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 1.5‐D anisotropic sigma‐coordinate thermal stress model of landlocked sea ice in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Hata

Tremblay

2015

JGR Oceans

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We present a 1.5‐D thermal stress model that takes into account the effect of land confinement, which causes anisotropy in thermal stresses. To this end, we fix the total strain in the direction perpendicular to the coastline to its value at landlocked ice onset. This prevents thermal expansion in the direction perpendicular to the coastline and therefore induces larger thermal stresses in this direction. The simulated stresses best match the observations, when a Young's Modulus of 0.5 GPa and a relaxation time constant of 8 days are used. This simulation gives root‐mean‐square errors of 13.0 and 13.1 kPa (∼15%) in the major and minor principal stresses, respectively. The simulated anisotropic component of thermal stress also generally agrees with observations. The optimal Young's Modulus is in the low range of reported values in the literature, and the optimal relaxation time constant (8 days) is larger than the largest relaxation time constant reported in the literature (5 days). A series of experiments are done to examine the model sensitivity to vertical resolution, snow cover, and the parameterizations of Young's Modulus and viscous creep. Results show that a minimum of one and three layers in the snow and ice, respectively, is required to simulate the thermal stresses within 15% error of the value assessed with the higher‐resolution control simulation. This highlights the importance of resolving the internal snow and ice vertical temperature profile in order to properly model the thermal stresses of sea ice.

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Stress measurements in drifting pack ice

Tucker

Perovich

1992

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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Thermal Expansion Coefficients For Sea Ice

Abstract: ABSTRACT. Coefficients of thermal linear expansion were determined for sea ice using a Michelson interferometer.Over a temperature range of -4 0

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Thermal Expansion Measurements in Fresh and Saline Ice Using Fiber Optic Strain Gauges and Multipoint Temperature Sensors Based on Bragg Gratings

Thermal Expansion Measurements in Fresh and Saline Ice Using Fiber Optic Strain Gauges and Multipoint Temperature Sensors Based on Bragg Gratings

A 1.5‐D anisotropic sigma‐coordinate thermal stress model of landlocked sea ice in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Stress measurements in drifting pack ice

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