ABSTRACT. Coefficients of thermal linear expansion were determined for sea ice using a Michelson interferometer.Over a temperature range of -4 0

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The coefficients of static and kinetic friction of sea ice on unfrozen beach gravel were calculated from measurements made while dragging two large blocks of sea ice (approximate weights 23,300 and 26,400 lb (10,600 and 12,000 kg)) in short increments up a sloping beach surface. The results of 36 separate experiments yielded values of the coefficients in static and kinetic friction of μs = 0.50 and μk = 0.39, respectively. These values should be applicable to calculations of the forces required to drive an ice sheet on shore during an ice push event.

The objective of this report is to describe techniques for conducting measurements of several of the mechanical properties of sea ice by in-situ methods. The tests described all involve the use of flatjacks of various shapes for supplying a known stress field into the ice. The geometry of the sample being tested is defined by introducing internal boundaries into the ice sheet by cutting slots or installing layers of plastic film. The resulting deformation of the ice is measured by strain gages embedded in the test sample or by linear variable differential transformer transducers (LVDT’s) or linear potentiometers mounted on pegs which, in turn, are frozen to some depth in the sample. Test procedures for conducting uniaxial and biaxial compression tests, indirect tension tests and a simulated direct shear test are described. These yield information on Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, creep properties, and strength under various loading conditions.