Thermal Harvesting Potential of the Human Body

Thielen, Moritz; Kara, Gökhan; Unkovic, Ivana; Majoe, Dennis; Hierold, Christofer

doi:10.1007/s11664-018-6095-y

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Results gained and conveyed in present article carry substantial statistics and data for developing & realizing a real-time real-world sub-dermal implantable photovoltaic cell which can be placed underneath skin & can sufficiently source workable power to bio-medical implant (pacemaker). The photovoltaic cell presented in present article permits for appropriate harvesting of energy to electrically charge an energy storing accumulator to power an medical pacemaker for a whole duration of twenty-four (24) hours by simply charging it in six (6) minutes when exposed under daylight. The learning in this research paper offers promising and favorable results, further authenticates applicability of sub-dermal PV device for powering cardiac pacemaker.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subdermal organic solar have a lifespan of upto 25 years [22]. Various harvesting methods [23,24] are considered to use energy sources inside the body for instance, electrochemical responses [25], wireless energy [26], motion [27] etc. This paper tries to see the potentials of organic solar cell's use as a power supply source for implants to over-come restrictions of lithium batteries such as low harvested energy [28,29], reactions [29], invasive implants [29], external power source requirement [28].…”

Section: Flexible Organic Solar Cell For Subdermal Implantmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible organic solar cell to power modern cardiac pacemakers: Versatile for all age groups, skin types and genders

Chamola

Mittal

2023

Phys. Scr.

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Bio-medical electronic components execute an vital part in medical services. Powering these devices is a task. Thus, the biomedical electronic devices which are able to self-harvest and store power are in huge demand. Present pacemakers are powered by batteries which have limited volume for energy packing and are compulsory to be changed. This needs a surgical intervention and is costly, with attachment of complications and risk. The objective of this paper is to validate if a subdermal PPV-PCBM [poly (2-methoxy-5-{3’,7’-dimethyloctyloxy}-p-phenylene vinylene) and {6,6}-phenyl C61 – butyric acid methyl ester] active layer bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photo-voltaic (OPV) device could power a cardiac pacemaker. Power yield of 0.05 milliWatts (mW), 0.45 milliWatts & 2.1 milliWatts for African, Asian & Caucasian skin tones are gained at 2-millimeter implementation depth, acceptable to operate cardiac pacemaker demanding approximate power of 10 microWatts. Additionally, results correspondingly display higher output power is generated if the skin is thinner and brighter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flexible Organic Solar Cell For Subdermal Implantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible organic solar cell to power modern cardiac pacemakers: Versatile for all age groups, skin types and genders

Chamola

Mittal

2023

Phys. Scr.

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“…It is important to note that the performance of TEGs on the human body will be dependent upon the location on the body as well as factors such as the physical activity level and the skin conductance. In a recent study, Thielen et al demonstrated a significant drop in heat flux (and TEG generated power) in elderly and attributed the drop to increased skin resistance with aging 45 . Table 1 shows recently reported power density levels for different flexible TEG technologies.…”

Section: Aerogel-silicone Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible thermoelectric generator with liquid metal interconnects and low thermal conductivity silicone filler

et al. 2021

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Harvesting body heat using thermoelectricity provides a promising path to realizing self-powered, wearable electronics that can achieve continuous, long-term, uninterrupted health monitoring. This paper reports a flexible thermoelectric generator (TEG) that provides efficient conversion of body heat to electrical energy. The device relies on a low thermal conductivity aerogel–silicone composite that secures and thermally isolates the individual semiconductor elements that are connected in series using stretchable eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) liquid metal interconnects. The composite consists of aerogel particulates mixed into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) providing as much as 50% reduction in the thermal conductivity of the silicone elastomer. Worn on the wrist, the flexible TEGs present output power density figures approaching 35 μWcm−2 at an air velocity of 1.2 ms−1, equivalent to walking speed. The results suggest that these flexible TEGs can serve as the main energy source for low-power wearable electronics.

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“…A new generation of electronics will include conformal, flexible, and stretchable devices, such as electronic skin, mechanical sensors, energy harvesting and storage devices, , biomedical and biological sensors, − and wireless antennas . Printing technologies provide a compelling fabrication platform for these systems, with inherent advantages for large-area and flexible form factors .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Design of a Graphene Ink Formulation for Aerosol Jet Printing

Gamba

Johnson

Atterberg

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Aerosol jet printing is a noncontact, digital, additive manufacturing technique compatible with a wide variety of functional materials. Although promising, development of new materials and devices using this technique remains hindered by limited rational ink formulation, with most recent studies focused on device demonstration rather than foundational process science. In the present work, a systematic approach to formulating a polymer-stabilized graphene ink is reported, which considers the effect of solvent composition on dispersion, rheology, wetting, drying, and phase separation characteristics that drive process outcomes. It was found that a four-component solvent mixture composed of isobutyl acetate, diglyme, dihydrolevoglucosenone, and glycerol supported efficient ink atomization and controlled in-line drying to reduce overspray and wetting instabilities while maintaining high resolution and electrical conductivity, thus overcoming a trade-off in deposition rate and resolution common to aerosol jet printing. Biochemical sensors were printed for amperometric detection of the pesticide parathion, exhibiting a detection limit of 732 nM and a sensitivity of 34 nA μM–1, demonstrating the viability of this graphene ink for fabricating functional electronic devices.

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Thermal Harvesting Potential of the Human Body

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Flexible organic solar cell to power modern cardiac pacemakers: Versatile for all age groups, skin types and genders

Flexible organic solar cell to power modern cardiac pacemakers: Versatile for all age groups, skin types and genders

Flexible thermoelectric generator with liquid metal interconnects and low thermal conductivity silicone filler

Systematic Design of a Graphene Ink Formulation for Aerosol Jet Printing

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