Thermal Investigation of Cylindrical Lithium-ion Batteries for Different Loading using Experimental and Numerical Techniques

Abstract

With growing concern over climate change due to automotive emissions and fossil fuel depletion, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained more interest as a mode of transportation. Mostly, lithium-ion batteries are being used as an energy storage system in EVs. Temperature plays a major role in lithium-ion battery performance, degradation, and safety. Thermal investigation of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries of different chemistry and shape factors (18650 NMC and 21700 NCA) is conducted for different charging/discharging rates (0.5C, 1C, 1.5C) and surrounding temperatures (26°C and 45°C) using numerical and experimental techniques. The numerical technique involves the determination of the surface temperature of the battery by solving the energy balance equation using a suitable numerical method. The numerical technique proposed in this study is validated using the experimental technique and can predict the temperature with at least 90% accuracy during the entire charging and discharging cycle from a lower to higher loading rate and different surrounding temperatures. The impact of different battery internal and external parameters on battery temperature is carried out using validated numerical technique. Thermal investigations conducted in this research can help in deciding the operating strategies of the battery management system and further in designing the proper thermal management system.

Investigation of the Electrochemical and Thermal Characteristics of NCM811-21700 Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery: A Numerical Study and Model Validation

“…This was likely because the temperature measurements were less stable than the voltage measurements during the experimental process. However, compared with other numerical analysis studies [8,13,14] on batteries of the same type, this error was not significant. Therefore, it can be said that the model's reliability has been verified under the ambient temperature of 25 • C.…”

“…This class of batteries, relative to its predecessors such as the 18650 or NCA-21700 cylindrical batteries, offers a more voluminous energy density while maintaining a compact structure. The increased energy storage capacity makes the NCM811-21700 cell popular for applications ranging from electric vehicles to portable electronic devices [12,13]. Notably, the renowned electric vehicle manufacturer Tesla has incorporated these cells into its products, emphasizing their potential to advance the green energy landscape.…”

Quantifying the Entropy and Enthalpy of Insertion Materials for Battery Applications Via the Multi-Species, Multi-Reaction Model

“…In order to perform robust system level thermal simulations to drive virtual cooling system design, [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] the entropy coefficient [33][34][35][36][37] of the battery cell must be defined. Currently, the entropy coefficient for a lithium-ion battery is measured using a variety of methods (HTFDA, 1 calorimetric, [38][39][40] potentiometric [41][42][43] ) and is typically considered to be a defined material property of the battery cell used as an input to a system level thermal simulation.…”

W Modification of Nickel-Rich Ternary Cathode Material for Efficient Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…14 This result ultimately give rise to the decrease of the thermodynamic stability and capacity fading of crystalline nanoparticles. 15 As a result, the cathode surface and internal structure is considered to be the key factor of promoting excellent electrochemistry performance of nickel rich cathodes. 16,17 In addition, considering that the radius of Ni 2+ for 0.069 nm is close to Li + for 0.076 nm, a little part of Ni 2+ ions probably take over the Li + vacancies and leading to Li + /Ni 2+ cation exchanging.…”