Thermal Management of Electric Vehicle Batteries Using Heat Pipe and Phase Change Materials

Abstract

The performance of an electric vehicle depends on the battery used. While, in the operation of an electric vehicle, batteries experience a quick heating especially at the beginning of charging and could cause a fire. Therefore, the solution could be proposed is by employing heat pipe and Phase Change Material (PCM) for cooling of battery. The heat pipe serves to transfer the battery’s heat energy. In other hands, PCM functions as a heat sink when the battery runs, so its performance will stable and extend the lifespan. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of electric vehicle batteries at a temperature of 50°C using the combination of heat pipe and PCM. The ‘L’ type of heat pipe and beeswax PCM were assembled as cooling device. In addition, a battery simulator was employed as a test instrument by varying the heat load of 20, 30, 40, and 50 W. The experiments were successfully conducted, and the results showed that the addition of heat pipe and PCM could keep the surface temperature of battery below 50°C, at heat load of 20 - 50 W. Heat pipe and PCM for battery’s cooling system, can reduce the battery surface temperature significantly and can be proposed as an alternative system for cooling battery.

Visualization of Induced Counter-Rotating Vortices for Electric Vehicles Battery Module Thermal Management

“…Various EV thermal management systems can generally be classified into three categories based on the fluid and heat transfer mechanism, that is, passive, active, and hybrid active-passive methods (Ianniciello et al, 2017;Kim et al, 2019). The passive system relies solely on thermodynamics without any electrical power requirement, such as using a heat sink or Phase Change Materials (Amin et al, 2018;Budiman et al, 2020Budiman et al, , 2022Chen et al, 2014). Such a passive system is considerably more straightforward and economical in its design.…”

Hybrid Battery Thermal Management System in Electrical Vehicles: A Review

“…This BTMS controls the temperature rise of the battery surface by less than 8 • C, even in 24 A discharge current and a high ambient temperature (40 • C). Amin et al [73] design a BTMS (see as Figure 8c) that can maintain the battery temperature below 50 • C at the maximum heat load of 50 W. Huang et al [74] designed a BTMS (see as Figure 8d), in which HP makes a huge contribution to heat transfer and thermal uniformity. Wu et al [75] designed a HP-based BTMS assisted by PCM and forced-air cooling (see as Figure 8e).…”

A critical review on renewable battery thermal management system using heat pipes

“…The obtained results show that using PCM and HP cooling method; the battery module temperature can be regulated very effectively and provides some useful design parameters for optimization of BTMS. The BTMS for prismatic LIB cells was studied by Amin et al [ 143 ] under three cooling conditions: cooling without HP/PCM, cooling with HP, and cooling with HP/PCM. The input heat load to the battery cell is varied from 20 to 50W.…”

“…Discharge cycle Peak temperature, minimum temperature and temperature difference Deionized water Paraffin composites For a discharge rate of 5C or higher, the battery temperature may exceed 45 °C. The HP PCM usage with forced convection avoids the temperature imbalance among the cells [ 142 ] Prismatic battery cell Cooling methods, Heat load on the battery Maximum Temperature Water Beeswax HPs can reduce the temperature of the battery's surface by 7.1 °C, while the combination of HP + PCM reduces it by 10 °C [ 143 ] Prismatic battery cell Room temperature, Discharging current in amperes Maximum surface temperature, temperature difference, average battery surface temperature water Hydrated salt The proposed heating and cooling strategy for BTMS increases the electric energy output from 39.5 to 62.5% Even at high discharging rates, 2.6 °C can suppress the peak temperature difference in a battery cell [ 144 ] Cylindrical batteries Discharge rate, Cooling methods Maximum temperature, temperature difference Water Mixture of paraffin and graphite In combination with liquid-assisted PCM, heat pipes are a better choice for controlling the battery temperature within 44 °C for an extended time run. The temperature difference between batteries can be limited to 3 °C.…”