“…While these tools have the capability to assess complex thermal designs in a timely manner, previous studies have identified the ongoing need to validate numerical prediction accuracy and applicability of modelling methodologies by comparison with experimental analysis [7,8]. However, where such comparisons have been undertaken [9][10][11][12][13], these have focused mainly on characterising component performance on low conductivity test PCBs based on the recognised SEMI (Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International) or JEDEC (Joint Electronic Design Engineering Council) specifications [14,15]. Both standards specify single copper trace layer PCBs, for which a suitable modelling strategy exists [9][10][11][12][13].…”