Thermal Modeling of Helium Cooled High-Temperature Superconducting DC Transmission Cable

Abstract

The recent increase in distributed power generation is highlighting the demand to investigate and implement better and more efficient power distribution grids. High-temperature superconducting (HTS) DC transmission cables have the potential to address the need for more efficient transmission and their usage is expected to increase in the future. Thermal modeling of HTS DC cables is a critical tool to have in order to better understand and characterize the operation of such transmission lines. This paper introduces a general computational model for a HTS DC cable. A physical model, based on fundamental correlations and principles of classical thermodynamics, mass and heat transfer, was developed and the resulting differential equations were discretized in space. Therefore, the combination of the physical model with the finite volume scheme for the discretization of the differential equations is referenced as Volume Element Model, (VEM). The model accounts for heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation obtaining numerically the temperature distribution of superconductive cables operating under different environmental, operational and design conditions. As a result, the model is expected to be a useful tool for simulation, design, and optimization of HTS DC transmission cables.

The fifth archetype of electricity market: the blockchain marketplace

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Electrical and thermal system considerations for MVDC superconducting distribution on navy ships

“…It must be noted that much depends on progress in technology that does not involve the physics of SCs per se, like better refrigeration systems, better thermal rejection, and better normal-SC terminations. For example, the usual refrigeration system based on liquid Nitrogen is not acceptable on a ship because of asphyxiation hazards, thus a system based on Helium gas has been proposed [31][32]. Of course, any new development in the area of SC materials proper will be welcome, and the field has demonstrated repeatedly the ability to make quantum leaps forward.…”

Control of superconducting dc transmission systems and solution of coupled electrothermal superconducting cable model

“…In [135], non-linear time-dependent FEM for temperature distribution is presented, while in [136] and [137], 3D FEM models to analyze the thermal behavior of HTS cables are examined. Similarly to FEM, VEM analysis has been used in [138] and [139] to calculate temperature and pressure distribution under different conditions. In these works, Newton-Raphson and Runge-Kutta methods are used for the steady-state and transient numerical solution, respectively.…”

“…The contribution is to extend a model developed in [138] and to combine it with a time-efficient solver to systematically investigate the effects of variations in flow rates, coolant flow directions, and critical length in long HTS transmission cables. This work proposes a generic and accurate model, based on VEM, that can be used as an efficient simulation and design tool to analyze any type of HTS cable.…”