Thermal Modelling of the Ladle Preheating Process

Glaser, Björn; Görnerup, Mårten; Sichen, Du

doi:10.1002/srin.201100198

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…During the steel ladle pre‐heating step, the new lining internal surfaces are heated up. The burner located in the central part of the heater lid produces a single flame that transfers heat mainly via radiation to the refractory, due to the high temperature of the combustion gases 27 . At the waiting steps, the ladle loses heat by convection and radiation mechanisms through all surfaces (internal and external).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holistic view of the insulating layer on the thermal efficiency of a steel ladle lining

Campos

Santos

Moreira

et al. 2020

Int J Ceramic Engine & Sci

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The lining design of steel ladles has a major impact on the performance of these metallurgical vessels. For instance, their better thermal performance is mainly related to the refractory materials applied in the lining, which requires continuous quality and cost optimizations. In this study, different refractory linings were investigated in order to understand their effect on the thermal performance of the steel ladle, that is, on the control of the average steel and shell temperatures, effect on the amount of stored energy in the refractory lining and on the cycling energy consumption. The influence of distinct configurations of insulating materials (position, thickness, and types) on those parameters was investigated by heat transfer simulations using numerical tools. The results pointed out the insulating materials efficiency on reducing the shell temperatures and increasing the average steel temperature. However, the benefits of applying the insulator with thicknesses over 21 mm or applying it at the bottom are less significant. The application of the foam insulator at unusual positions showed promising results, such as between the safety and working layer and at the hot face.The former position enhanced the performance during pre-heating whereas the latter significantly increased the steel temperature (34°C). Consequently, the study pointed out new designs for the project of steel ladle linings, improving their efficiency, targeting solutions for saving energy, and reducing the environmental impacts. K E Y W O R D S saving energy, steel ladle, refractory lining design, insulating layer, heat transfer modeling 114 | CAMPOS et Al. How to cite this article: Campos MGG, Dos Santos MF, Moreira MH, Angélico RA, Sako EY, Pandolfelli VC. Holistic view of the insulating layer on the thermal efficiency of a steel ladle lining. Int J Ceramic Eng Sci.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holistic view of the insulating layer on the thermal efficiency of a steel ladle lining

Campos

Santos

Moreira

et al. 2020

Int J Ceramic Engine & Sci

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“…Specifically, the influence of the flow pattern on the mixing conditions and open eye formation in the industrial plant was evaluated. Furthermore, the analyses of the temperature distribution and heat transfer on the ladle lining during the preheating process [65] and the teeming process [66] were carried out based on a comparison of the industrial data and the data calculated by Glaser et al A study of the influence of the stirring rate on the inclusion characteristics was carried out by Malmberg et al [45] based on tool steel ladle data from Uddeholm AB. Recently, experiments were carried out at the SFIL Steelworks [67] to study hydrogen degassing in the industrial process.…”

Section: Industrial Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Continuity equation: Guo and Irons [56] square vessel (L500 mm 9 W500 mm 9 H400 mm) Uddeholm Tooling AB [50,51] tool Not given [65,66] cylindrical ves- Momentum equation:…”

Section: Quasi-single-phase Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Physical and Numerical Approaches for the Study of Gas Stirring in Ladle Metallurgy

Liu

Ersson

et al. 2018

Metall Mater Trans B

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This article presents a review of the research into gas stirring in ladle metallurgy carried out over the past few decades. Herein, the physical modeling experiments are divided into four major areas: (1) mixing and homogenization in the ladle; (2) gas bubble formation, transformation, and interactions in the plume zone; (3) inclusion behavior at the steel-slag interface and in the molten steel; and (4) open eye formation. Several industrial trials have also been carried out to optimize gas stirring and open eye formation. Approaches for selecting criteria for scaling to guarantee flow similarity between industrial trials and physical modeling experiments are discussed. To describe the bubble behavior and two-phase plume structure, four main mathematical models have been used in different research fields: (1) the quasi-single-phase model, (2) the volume of fluid (VOF) model, (3) the Eulerian multiphase (E-E) model, and (4) the Eulerian-Lagrangian (E-L) model. In recent years, the E-E model has been used to predict gas stirring conditions in the ladle, and specific models in commercial packages, as well as research codes, have been developed gradually to describe the complex physical and chemical phenomena. Furthermore, the coupling of turbulence models with multiphase models is also discussed. For physical modeling, some general empirical rules have not been analyzed sufficiently. Based on a comparison with the available experimental results, it is found that the mathematical models focusing on the mass transfer phenomenon and inclusion behaviors at the steel-slag interface, vacuum degassing at the gas-liquid interface, dissolution rate of the solid alloy at the liquid-solid interface, and the combination of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics need to be improved further. To describe industrial conditions using mathematical methods and improve numerical modeling, the results of physical modeling experiments and industrial trials must offer satisfactory validations for the improvement of numerical modeling.

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“…Problems that arise from adding scrap into the ladle include: The operation of adding scrap to the ladle is increased, resulting in the increasing dispatching task of the overhead crane. Except for the very small addition amount of scrap, all ladle need to be baked online to improve the thermal state of the ladle, synchronously, prompting the scrap to reach a sufficient preheating temperature. The slow or incomplete melting of scrap affects the pretreatment of molten iron. …”

Section: Process Of Adding Scrap Into the Ladlementioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses and Calculation of Steel Scrap Melting in a Multifunctional Hot Metal Ladle

Deng

Yang

et al. 2018

steel research int.

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To improve the utilization of steel scrap in the steel production process, the authors analyze the feasibility of adding scrap steel into the multifunctional ladle before hot metal tapping. Firstly, the authors provide an overview of the process. Secondly, theoretically study the melting process of scrap steel in the ladle along with the scrap steel melting mechanism is done. Finally, the effects of the addition of different types of scrap steel pretreated at various temperatures are examined using numerical calculation and simulation. The preheating temperature and specific surface area of the scrap steel had important effects on scrap steel melting. For the scrap steel with a specific surface area of 1.6 m 2 t À1 , the melting rate decreased by 4 min t À1 as the preheating temperature was increased from 300 C to 800 C. For a preheating temperature of 800 C, the melting rate increased by 4.5 min t À1 as the specific surface area increased from 3.3 to 26.1 m 2 t À1 . Another 2.2%-6% of scrap steel can be added under certain conditions. This approach provides an effective solution to the problem of melting large amounts of scrap steel in steel works, further increases the utilization of scrap steel during steel production, and reduces the cost of steel production.

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Thermal Modelling of the Ladle Preheating Process

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Holistic view of the insulating layer on the thermal efficiency of a steel ladle lining

Holistic view of the insulating layer on the thermal efficiency of a steel ladle lining

A Review of Physical and Numerical Approaches for the Study of Gas Stirring in Ladle Metallurgy

Analyses and Calculation of Steel Scrap Melting in a Multifunctional Hot Metal Ladle

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