Thermal monitoring of North Pacific volcanoes from space

Dehn, J.; Dean, Kenneth; Engle, Kevin

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<755:tmonpv>2.0.co;2

Cited by 104 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Considering Wien's law, it is also possible to detect and quantify volcanic thermal anomalies even if they do not cover an entire satellite pixel. The detected thermal anomalies are usually quantified by their temperature, area, volcanic radiant power (VRP), or time averaged lava discharge rate (TADR) [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The uncertainty of single measured spectral radiances depends on numerous factors such as different sensor's point spread function and spectral response functions, different time of overpass, orbit geometry, and spatial resolution [25,26].…”

Section: Thermal Observations Of Active Volcanoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite and Ground Based Thermal Observation of the 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli Volcano

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:As specifically designed platforms are still unavailable at this point in time, lava flows are usually monitored remotely with the use of meteorological satellites. Generally, meteorological satellites have a low spatial resolution, which leads to uncertain results. This paper presents the first long term satellite monitoring of active lava flows on Stromboli volcano (August-November 2014) at high spatial resolution (160 m) and relatively high temporal resolution (~3 days). These data were retrieved by the small satellite Technology Experiment Carrier-1 (TET-1), which was developed and built by the German Aerospace Center (DLR). The satellite instrument is dedicated to high temperature event monitoring. The satellite observations were accompanied by field observations conducted by thermal cameras. These provided short time lava flow dynamics and validation for satellite data. TET-1 retrieved 27 datasets over Stromboli during its effusive activity. Using the radiant density approach, TET-1 data were used to calibrate the MODVOLC data and estimate the time averaged lava discharge rate. With a mean output rate of 0.87 m 3 /s during the three-month-long eruption, we estimate the total erupted volume to be 7.4ˆ10 6 m 3 .

show abstract

Section: Thermal Observations Of Active Volcanoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite and Ground Based Thermal Observation of the 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli Volcano

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…AVHRR and GOES form the basis of two existing volcano monitoring systems (e.g. Dehn et al, 2000; primarily because they detect radiance in spectral wavebands centered at 4 and 11 -12 Am. These wavebands coincide with the wavelengths of peak emission for high-temperature volcanic heat sources and ambient Earth surface temperatures, respectively.…”

Section: Principles Of Low-spatial-resolution Volcano Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This high sampling frequency reduces the chance that a ground target will be obscured by clouds and is ideal for monitoring dynamic volcanic phenomena. AVHRR has been used to provide detailed chronologies of effusive eruptions at Mount Etna, Sicily (Harris, Blake, Rothery, & Stevens, 1997;Harris & Neri, in press), and is used by the Alaskan Volcano Observatory (AVO) to routinely monitor the many active volcanoes that exist in the North Pacific region (Dehn, Dean, & Engle, 2000;Schneider, Dean, Dehn, Miller, & Kirianov, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated volcanic eruption detection using MODIS

Wright¹,

Flynn²,

Garbeil³

et al. 2002

Remote Sensing of Environment

244

159

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) flown on-board NASA's first earth observing system (EOS) platform, Terra, offers complete global data coverage every 1 -2 days at spatial resolutions of 250, 500, and 1000 m. Its ability to detect emitted radiation in the short (4 Am)-and long (12 Am)-wave infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, combined with the excellent geolocation of the image pixels ( f 200 m), makes it an ideal source of data for automatically detecting and monitoring high-temperature volcanic thermal anomalies. This paper describes the underlying principles of, and results obtained from, just such a system. Our algorithm interrogates the MODIS Level 1B data stream for evidence of high-temperature volcanic features. Once a hotspot has been identified, its details (location, emitted spectral radiance, satellite observational parameters) are written to an ASCII text file and transferred via file transfer protocol (FTP) to the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP), where the results are posted on the Internet (http:// modis.higp.hawaii.edu). The global distribution of volcanic hotspots can be examined visually at a variety of scales using this website, which also allows easy access to the quantitative data contained in the ASCII files themselves. We outline how the algorithm has proven robust as a hotspot detection tool for a wide range of eruptive styles at both permanently and sporadically active volcanoes including Soufriere Hills (Montserrat), Popocatépetl (Mexico), Bezymianny (Russia), and Merapi (Java), amongst others. We also present case studies of how the system has allowed the onset, development, and cessation of discrete eruptive events to be monitored at Nyamuragira (Congo), Piton de la Fournaise (Réunion Island), and Shiveluch (Russia). D

show abstract

“…AVHRR data provided the best coverage due to its relatively high temporal resolution (up to eight passes daily over the Aleutians) at 1.1 km spatial resolution at nadir (Table 1; Kidwell, 1991). These data are received by a ground station at the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, in real time (Dean et al, 1998;Dehn et al, 2000). One or two Landsat Thematic Mapper scenes (with a repeat period of about 16 days) should have been available during the eruption, however, TM data were not archived over the Aleutian arc for most of the 1990s.…”

Section: Co-eruption Imagerymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pre-eruption surface was characterized by a digital elevation model (DEM) created through SAR interferometry (Lu et al, in press). Data acquired during the eruption were limited to AVHRR imagery, whose thermal infrared channels and high temporal resolution permitted quantitative heat £ux analysis at a high frequency (Dean et al, 1998;Dehn et al, 2000). These data were re-examined in greater detail to extract as much information as possible about the course of the eruptive activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 1997 eruption of Okmok Volcano, Alaska: a synthesis of remotely sensed imagery

Patrick

Dehn

Papp

et al. 2003

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Okmok Volcano, in the eastern Aleutian Islands, erupted in February and March of 1997 producing a 6-km-long lava flow and low-level ash plumes. This caldera is one of the most active in the Aleutian Arc, and is now the focus of international multidisciplinary studies. A synthesis of remotely sensed data (AirSAR, derived DEMs, Landsat MSS and ETM+ data, AVHRR, ERS, JERS, Radarsat) has given a sequence of events for the virtually unobserved 1997 eruption. Elevation data from the AirSAR sensor acquired in October 2000 over Okmok were used to create a 5-m resolution DEM mosaic of Okmok Volcano. AVHRR nighttime imagery has been analyzed between February 13 and April 11, 1997. Landsat imagery and SAR data recorded prior to and after the eruption allowed us to accurately determine the extent of the new flow. The flow was first observed on February 13 without precursory thermal anomalies. At this time, the flow was a large single lobe flowing north. According to AVHRR Band 3 and 4 radiance data and ground observations, the first lobe continued growing until mid to late March, while a second, smaller lobe began to form sometime between March 11 and 12. This is based on a jump in the thermal and volumetric flux determined from the imagery, and the physical size of the thermal anomalies. Total radiance values waned after March 26, indicating lava effusion had ended and a cooling crust was growing. The total area (8.9 km 2 ), thickness (up to 50 m) and volume (1.54U10 8 m 3 ) of the new lava flow were determined by combining observations from SAR, Landsat ETM+, and AirSAR DEM data. While the first lobe of the flow ponded in a pre-eruption depression, our data suggest the second lobe was volume-limited. Remote sensing has become an integral part of the Alaska Volcano Observatory's monitoring and hazard mitigation efforts. Studies like this allow access to remote volcanoes, and provide methods to monitor potentially dangerous ones. ß

show abstract

Thermal monitoring of North Pacific volcanoes from space

Cited by 104 publications

References 6 publications

Satellite and Ground Based Thermal Observation of the 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli Volcano

Satellite and Ground Based Thermal Observation of the 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli Volcano

Automated volcanic eruption detection using MODIS

The 1997 eruption of Okmok Volcano, Alaska: a synthesis of remotely sensed imagery

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About