Thermal nonlinearities in a nanomechanical oscillator

Gieseler, Jan; Novotny, Lukas; Quidant, Romain

doi:10.1038/nphys2798

Cited by 288 publications

(357 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We stress that these nonlinear dynamical effects are unrelated to variations in mechanical oscillation frequency arising when the particle samples anharmonicities in the potential [17], although we note these are also observable in our data. as compared to our previous work [16], which exposes the G 2 coupling, there is greatly enhanced (linear) optomechanical cavity cooling.…”

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confidence: 48%

Nonlinear Dynamics and Strong Cavity Cooling of Levitated Nanoparticles

et al. 2016

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Optomechanical systems explore and exploit the coupling between light and the mechanical motion of matter. A nonlinear coupling offers access to rich new physics, in both the quantum and classical regimes. We investigate a dynamic, as opposed to the usually studied static, nonlinear optomechanical system, comprising of a nanosphere levitated and cooled in a hybrid electro-optical trap. An optical cavity offers readout of both linear-in-position and quadratic-in-position (nonlinear) light-matter coupling, whilst simultaneously cooling the nanosphere to millikelvin temperatures for indefinite periods of time in high vacuum. We observe cooling of the linear and non-linear motion, leading to a 10 5 fold reduction in phonon number np, attaining final occupancies of np = 100 − 1000. This work puts cavity cooling of a levitated object to the quantum ground-state firmly within reach.Cavity optomechanics, the cooling and coherent manipulation of mechanical oscillators using optical cavities, has undergone rapid progress in recent years [1], with many experimental milestones realized. These include cooling to the quantum level [2,3], optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) [4], and the transduction [5][6][7] and squeezing [8] of light. These important processes are due to a linear light-matter interaction; linear in both the position of the oscillatorx and the amplitude of the optical fieldâ.Nonlinear optomechanical interactions open up a new range of applications which are so far largely unexplored. In principle, they allow quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements of energy and thus the possibility of monitoring quantum jumps in a macroscopic system [1,9]. They also offer the prospect of observing phonon quantum shot noise [10], nonlinear OMIT [11,12], and the preparation of macroscopic nonclassical states [13]. To achieve a nonlinear interaction one can use optical means, which require strong single-photon coupling to the mechanical system [11,12] but are a considerable experimental challenge. Nonlinearities can also arise from spatial, mechanical effects, by engineering, for example, a light-matter interaction of the form (â+â † )(G 1x +G 2x 2 ). Previous studies investigated the static shift in the cavity resonant frequency [9,14,15] or the quadratic optical spring effect [15] arising from a nonlinear coupling. However, these studies identified the problem of a residual linear G 1 contribution to the coupling. Not only can G 1 allow unwanted back-action, but a large G 2 1 contribution (e.g. [14]) can mask the signatures of true nonlinear G 2 coupling.In this work, we study a nanosphere levitated in a hybrid system formed from a Paul trap and an optical cavity [16] as shown in fig 1. The output of the cavity is used to access the linear and nonlinear dynamics of the particle. We are able to tune the G 1 : G 2 ratio to reach G 2 G 1 , isolating the true nonlinear dynamics. Further, due to the dynamic nature of this experiment, we are able to observe the cooling, in time, of the nonlinear contribution to motion. To ...

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confidence: 48%

Nonlinear Dynamics and Strong Cavity Cooling of Levitated Nanoparticles

et al. 2016

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“…Such levitated systems are well isolated from their environment, which dramatically reduces the e ect of thermal noise on the centre-ofmass (cm) motion of the trapped particle, as those can only weakly couple to its motion. In other words, extremely high quality factors of the mechanical oscillation of the particle in the trap can be achieved [13,14]. As a consequence, levitated systems are promising for manifold studies and applications such as macroscopic quantum superpositions [13,15,16], force sensing [17,18], and single particle thermodynamics [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wigner Function Reconstruction in Levitated Optomechanics

Rashid¹,

Toroš²

2017

Quantum Measurements and Quantum Metrology

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Abstract:We demonstrate the reconstruction of the Wigner function from marginal distributions of the motion of a single trapped particle using homodyne detection. We show that it is possible to generate quantum states of levitated optomechanical systems even under the e ect of continuous measurement by the trapping laser light. We describe the opto-mechanical coupling for the case of the particle trapped by a free-space focused laser beam, explicitly for the case without an optical cavity. We use the scheme to reconstruct the Wigner function of experimental data in perfect agreement with the expected Gaussian distribution of a thermal state of motion. This opens a route for quantum state preparation in levitated optomechanics.

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“…We consider the equilibrium situation T ≡ T d = T e , in which case |s + | 2 = |ξ| 2 = k B T . To begin with, we motivate our numerical results by performing a simple mean-field approximation known as statistical lineariation 41 , which captures basic features but ignores correlation effects stemming from nonlinearities. Specifically, making the substitution |a(t)| 2 → |a(t)| 2 = k B T in Eq.…”

Section: Thermal Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiative heat transfer in nonlinear Kerr media

et al. 2015

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We obtain a fluctuation-dissipation theorem describing thermal electromagnetic fluctuation effects in nonlinear media that we exploit in conjunction with a stochastic Langevin framework to study thermal radiation from Kerr (χ (3) ) photonic cavities coupled to external environments at and out of equilibrium. We show that that in addition to thermal broadening due to two-photon absorption, the emissivity of such cavities can exhibit asymmetric, non-Lorentzian lineshapes due to self-phase modulation. When the local temperature of the cavity is larger than that of the external bath, we find that the heat transfer into the bath exceeds the radiation from a corresponding linear black body at the same local temperature. We predict that these temperature-tunable thermal processes can be observed in realistic, nanophotonic cavities operating near room temperature.

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Thermal nonlinearities in a nanomechanical oscillator

Cited by 288 publications

References 28 publications

Nonlinear Dynamics and Strong Cavity Cooling of Levitated Nanoparticles

Nonlinear Dynamics and Strong Cavity Cooling of Levitated Nanoparticles

Wigner Function Reconstruction in Levitated Optomechanics

Radiative heat transfer in nonlinear Kerr media

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