Thermal performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe on Electric Motor as Cooling Application

Aprianingsih, Nurhalimah; Winarta, Adi; Ariantara, Bambang; Putra, Nandy

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/20186703035

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Traditional cooling methods for electrical machines of high power density as water jacket cooling, oil cooling, direct conductor cooling with hydrogen, or water are well known and do not need further discussion [12][13][14][15]. The two latter systems are used for turbo generators with ratings of PN > 200 MW up to 1 GW and require complicated and heavy equipment for heat exchangers, sealing Figure 2 shows a yield of 35% of losses if the winding temperature is reduced from 155 • C to 25 • C respective of a coolant temperature of −70 • C. The yield of an Al-winding is slightly smaller with 34%.…”

Section: Evaluation and Analysis Of Cooling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling Technologies for High Power Density Electrical Machines for Aviation Applications

2019

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This paper is aimed at giving an overview of possible cooling technologies for electrical machines and their assessment for aviation applications, e.g., fan or propeller drives. The most important demand for aircraft is the minimization of the drive system weight comprising electrical machine, power electronics, and the cooling system. The potential of aluminum winding an overview about several cooling technologies with the Rankine or Brayton cycle or utilizing the phase change of the cooling fluid is given. As an alternative approach, the cooling structure inside the machine is studied. A very interesting potential was discovered with direct slot cooling (DSC) removing the heat where it is produced and, thus, simplifying the cooling system effort and its weight. Since it is one of the most promising approaches, this cooling method is studied in depth. Furthermore, it can also be combined with one of the cooling technologies discussed above.In the overview paper [6], focus is set on the most recent progress in thermal management of electric motors for aviation. Besides air cooling, oil bath cooling, water jacket cooling, heat pipe cooling, intra winding cooling channels with a thermal conductive polymer [7], and direct winding cooling with tube-like conductors are cited. In this case, the problem of large pressure drops in the cooling ducts of six bars or more occurs. As experimental results, current densities of 24.7 A/mm 2 and transient current density of more than 40 A/mm 2 with class F insulation were achieved. With class H insulation even higher, values up to 58 A/mm 2 could be possible. By using conductors with integrated cooling channels, current densities possibly reaching 130 A/mm 2 were anticipated. However, the losses increase with the square of the current density and are linear with the volume of the winding even though the temperature is within the limits of the insulation system. The extremely high copper losses will increase weight and size of the cooling system and the reduced efficiency also requires an increase of the on-board power supply (generators and prime movers, fuel tank or energy storages, wiring, switchgear).The weight advantages of such machines can be quickly overcompensated by the weight of the cooling system and the increased power supply. Therefore, an accurately balanced design of the drive system is necessary. A proposal for the improvement of this approach is given in Section 5.A reduction of the winding temperature level by lowering the coolant temperature below standard ambient temperature promises a reduction of the copper losses in the electrical machine and a longer lifetime of the insulation. The higher effort for such cooling systems may be compensated by the higher efficiency of the drive. Due to the usually high temperature drop between winding and cooling fluid, this requires low ambient temperatures-as given in high cruising altitudes-or the use of refrigerant cooling systems, which allow coolant temperatures below ambient temperatures. In a literature study, no pap...

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Section: Evaluation and Analysis Of Cooling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling Technologies for High Power Density Electrical Machines for Aviation Applications

2019

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“…Experiments were conducted on the prototype of an electric motor to calculate the effectiveness of a heat pipe thermal management scheme. The temperature of the exterior surface of the IM was reduced to 84.05 • C, or from 162.11 • C to 78.06 • C, with a thermal resistance of 0.21 • C/W and at a heat load of 120 W. The best pulsating heat pipe effectiveness was indicated at a heat load above 60W [44]. In general, the most commonly used cooling methods applied in motors are air cooling and water cooling.…”

Section: Cooling Strategies Of High-efficiency Three-phase Cage Induc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Analysis and Cooling Strategies of High-Efficiency Three-Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors—A Review

Konda,

Ponnaganti,

Reddy

et al. 2024

Computation

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In recent times, there has been an increased demand for electric vehicles. In this context, the energy management of the electric motor, which are an important constituent of electric vehicles, plays a pivotal role. A lot of research has been conducted on the optimization of heat flow through electric motors, thus reducing the wastage of energy via heat. Futuristic power sources may increasingly rely on cutting-edge innovations like energy harvesting and self-powered induction motors. In this context, effective thermal management techniques are discussed in this paper. Importance was given to the potential energy losses, hotspots, the influence of overheating on the motor efficiency, different cooling strategies, certain experimental approaches, and power control techniques. Two types of thermal analysis computation methods, namely the lumped-parameter circuit method (LPCM) and the finite element method (FEM), are discussed. Also, this paper reviews different cooling strategies. The experimental research showed that the efficiency was greater by 11% with the copper rotor compared to the aluminum rotor. Each rotor type was reviewed based on the temperature rise and efficiency at higher temperatures. The water-cooling method reduced the working temperatures by 39.49% at the end windings, 41.67% at the side windings, and by a huge margin of 56.95% at the yoke of the induction motor compared to the air-cooling method; hence, the water-cooling method is better. Lastly, modern cooling strategies are proposed to provide an effective thermal management solution for squirrel-cage induction motors.

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“…A heat pipe-based thermal bus for motor cooling was developed by Shoai-Naini et al, with system efficiency studied for different drive cycles [23]. A motor refrigeration system with L-shaped heat pipes was proposed by Putra et al [24]. Furthermore, new internal mechanisms of the motor that benefit from a device cooling have been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energies 2021, 14, 1472 4 of 33 pipes was proposed by Putra et al [24]. Furthermore, new internal mechanisms of the motor that benefit from a device cooling have been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Mapping of a High-Speed Electric Motor Used for Traction Applications and Analysis of Various Cooling Methods—A Review

et al. 2021

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This paper gives a comprehensive review of advanced cooling schemes and their applications to the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), as well as investigating the electrical motor’s topologies its thermal design issues, materials and performances. Particularly, the electromagnetic and electric performances, machine sizing, together with the structural design, are given. In addition, the work addresses the motor’s material design and properties along with its insulation performance, which is the main goal of optimization. Mainly, thermal mapping with analysis is provided according to the different cooling methods, including air-cooling, water-cooling, oil-cooling, heat-pipe-cooling, potting silicon gelatin cooling, and as well as cooling strategies for tubes and microchannels. The most common special features and demands of the PMSMs are described in the appearance of the motor’s failures caused by uncontrolled temperature rise. In addition, heat sources and energy losses, including copper loss, core loss versus motor speed, and output power, are analyzed. The review of the proposed cooling methods that will achieve the required heat transfer of the PMSM is presented with numerical simulations and measurements data. A review of numerical methods and results, including the finite element methods (FEM), such as the Ansys CFD software, to obtain a high-accuracy thermal mapping model of the PMSM system is given. The revived methods and design requirements due to PMSM temperature profile and cooling flow at different rotor speeds and torque loads are investigated. Finally, the motor design recommendations, including the newly developed cooling solutions, which enable it to effectively redistribute the temperature and heat transfer, increasing the efficiency of the PMSM machine, are laid out.

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Thermal performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe on Electric Motor as Cooling Application

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Cooling Technologies for High Power Density Electrical Machines for Aviation Applications

Cooling Technologies for High Power Density Electrical Machines for Aviation Applications

Thermal Analysis and Cooling Strategies of High-Efficiency Three-Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors—A Review

Thermal Mapping of a High-Speed Electric Motor Used for Traction Applications and Analysis of Various Cooling Methods—A Review

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