Thermal reaction norms in sperm performance of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Purchase, Craig F.; Butts, Ian A.E.; Alonso‐Fernández, Alexandre; Trippel, Edward A.

doi:10.1139/f10-001

Cited by 39 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This behaviour probably limited males to positions near the seafloor, which was almost entirely within the warmer bottom layer at the start of the study. The effects of elevated temperature on male gamete quality in cod are not well understood (Purchase et al 2010), but may not be as adverse as those observed for females (van der Meeren & Ivannikov 2006). Even so, on Day 20 there was a pronounced downwelling of cooler surface water (Fig.…”

Section: Environmental Regulators: Temperature Light and Windmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental regulation of individual depth on a cod spawning ground

Meager¹,

Skjæraasen²,

Karlsen³

et al. 2012

Aquat. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fine-scale characteristics of spawning grounds may provide the opportunity for cod Gadus morhua L. to regulate their external environment by adjusting their depth. Ultrasonic telemetry was used to study how the environment influenced the depth-related behaviour of individual wild and farmed cod on a spawning ground. Of the environmental predictors examined, temperature explained most variation in depth (best predictor in 16 of 21 fish). A decrease in surface-water temperature was accompanied by a pronounced reduction in daily maximum depth of nearly half the fish examined and movement to a shallower area of the spawning ground. Wind and light (after controlling for diel periodicity) had a comparably limited and variable influence on fish depth. Some of the vertical movements seemed to be associated with feeding rather than spawning activity; wild females with diel vertical migrations (DVMs) had poorer condition than wild females with no DVMs, and DVMs were absent in farmed females in better condition. Generally, there were no clear differences in responses to the environment between wild and farmed cod. The ability of cod to regulate their external environment by changing their depth was likely to have been limited by the location of the spawning shoal at the seafloor. KEY WORDS: Broadcast spawners · Individual depth · Climate change · Mating systemsResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

show abstract

Section: Environmental Regulators: Temperature Light and Windmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental regulation of individual depth on a cod spawning ground

Meager¹,

Skjæraasen²,

Karlsen³

et al. 2012

Aquat. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pagination not final (cite DOI) / Pagination provisoire (citer le DOI) Purchase et al (2010) documented no family-level differences in reaction norms in their examination of sperm performance in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). However, they did detect differences in reaction norms among individuals, whereby the sperm essentially imitated clonal replicates.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon is exemplified in work by Beacham and Murray (1985) on chum salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Although Purchase et al (2010) investigated whether thermal extremes revealed cryptic variation in cod sperm performance, their test was inconclusive because individual variability in sperm swimming velocity (Fig. 3) and sperm wobble was greatest at the lower temperatures (those most similar to temperatures likely encountered in the wild) and minimal at the highest temperature.…”

Section: Treatment Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tank design should include a sufficient number of replicates for each genotype-by-treatment combination to estimate the variation between tanks. An alternative strategy for minimizing the "tank effect" is to mark individuals according to family or population and combine all "genotypes" in the same treatment tank (e.g., Purchase et al 2010). Experiments should also be carried out simultaneously to maximize the similarity between common environments and ensure consistency in the execution and timing of measurements, although this can be problematic for many species of fishes in which different populations spawn at different times of year.…”

Section: Environmental Variability and Maternal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genetic variability in reaction norms in fishes

Oomen

Hutchings

2015

Environ. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability of populations to adapt to environmental change and the spatial scale at which this adaptation occurs are fundamentally important issues in evolutionary biology, and ones that may benefit greatly from the study of genetic variability in reaction norms, which represent the plasticity of phenotypic traits across an environmental gradient. Therefore variable reaction norms can reflect genetic differences in the ability of individuals, families, populations, and species to respond to natural and anthropogenic environmental change. Fishes are ideal organisms in which to study plasticity because of their remarkable intraspecific morphological, physiological, behavioural, and life history variation. Here, we review studies demonstrating genetic variability in reaction norms in fishes. Genetic variability in plasticity among full-and half-sib families suggests potential for some populations to develop an adaptive norm of reaction (recalling that plasticity need not be adaptive). Reaction norm variability among populations suggests that adaptive genetic divergence can occur rapidly when selection pressures are strong and that the spatial scale of adaptation is much smaller than previously believed for some species with high dispersal capabilities. These studies demonstrate the potential of using reaction norms to study the evolution of novel phenotypes and the influence of temporal environmental variability and gene flow on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity, which can then be used to predict how populations will respond to directional environmental change. To promote future research into genetic variability in reaction norms, we propose questions that would benefit from such an approach and discuss some important considerations for designing experiments to investigate questions related to genetic variation in plasticity and phenotypic evolution.Résumé : La capacité d'adaptation au changement environnemental et l'échelle spatiale à laquelle cette adaptation survient, constituent des défis d'importance fondamentale en biologie évolutive, un sujet qui pourrait bénéficier grandement de l'étude de la variabilité des normes de réaction. Les normes de réaction représentent la plasticité des traits phénotypiques le long d'un gradient environnemental. Conséquemment, des normes de réaction variables peuvent refléter des différences génétiques dans la capacité des individus, des familles, des populations et des espèces à réagir au changement environnemental naturel et anthropogène. Les poissons constituent des organismes idéaux pour l'étude de la plasticité compte tenu de la variation intraspécifique remarquable de leur morphologie, de leur physiologie, de leur comportement et de leur cycle de vie. Les auteurs passent en revue les études démontrant la variabilité génétique des normes de réaction chez les poissons. La variabilité de la plasticité parmi les familles biparentales ou mono parentales suggère la capacité de certaines populations à développer une norme de réaction adaptative (en se rappelant que la plastic...

show abstract

“…As cod sperm are greatly affected by temperature (Purchase et al 2010), the percentage of motile sperm and swimming characteristics of motile cells were analyzed at a controlled 9°C within 10 h of collection following the protocol described by Beirão et al (2014). The seawater (31.7 psu and 964 mOsm kg −1 ) was filtered and UV sterilized.…”

Section: Motility Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Atlantic cod sperm motility is negatively affected by ovarian fluid of farmed females

Beirão¹,

Purchase²,

Wringe³

et al. 2014

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Atlantic cod escape from fish farms at higher rates than commonly cultured marine species, and escapees have been observed to interact with wild fish in mating aggregations. Previous research suggests that potential interbreeding is mediated largely by the likelihood of wild males spawning with escaped females, and as such, the egg and ovarian fluid characteristics of these females could affect fertilization success and the likelihood of hybridization. Farmed cod have been noted to have poor egg quality compared to wild individuals, and some of this difference may be due to the ovarian fluid, which can affect key sperm-motility parameters related to fertilization success. We tested the hypothesis that the ovarian fluid of farmed females negatively affects the sperm performance of wild males. Sperm-motility parameters and fertilization capacity of wild male sperm were analyzed in the presence of both farmed and wild female ovarian fluid. Sperm performed similarly in the presence of wild female ovarian fluid and a seawater control. Ovarian fluid of farmed females negatively affected sperm swimming and the capacity to fertilize eggs. These differences may be related to nutritional deficiencies of farmed individuals. Although it has been demonstrated that wild males actively court farmed females, our results indicate that their ovarian fluid quality can inhibit fertilization success.

show abstract

Thermal reaction norms in sperm performance of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Cited by 39 publications

References 55 publications

Environmental regulation of individual depth on a cod spawning ground

Environmental regulation of individual depth on a cod spawning ground

Genetic variability in reaction norms in fishes

Wild Atlantic cod sperm motility is negatively affected by ovarian fluid of farmed females

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About