Thermal stability and phytoplankton distribution

Viner, A. B.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5522-6_4

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…A species of Anabaerta which is numerically dominant, contributing >90% of the phytoplankton cells for 6 months of the year (Forsyth et al. 1983), although it contributes little to the biomass (Viner, 1985), has been shown to have detrimental effects on Daphnia carinata and Ceriodaphnia dubia in this lake through mechanical effects on feeding and the release of inhibitory substances to solution (Burns et al, 1989). Mitchell (1989) similarly found that an increase in the phytoplankton resulting from experimental fertilization of enclosures in Lake Okaro was harmful to all the major species of zooplankton in that take.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

On the occurrence, causes and potential consequences of low zooplankton to phytoplankton ratios in New Zealand lakes

Malthus

Mitchell

1989

Freshwater Biology

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SUMMARY. 1. New Zealand lakes are shown to have lower average zooplankton biomasses than north‐temperate lakes of similar average phytoplankton biomass, expressed as cell volume or chlorophyll a, or similar average total phosphorus concentration, typically by a factor of 5 or more. 2. Evidence suggests that the relatively low zooplankton biomasses of New Zealand lakes may be related to a tendency for them to be dominated by large algae that are not directly available as food for zooplankton, with oligotrophy lakes in particular differing from north‐temperate lakes in this respect. 3. This difference in turn may be related largely to their mixing regimes. All of the New Zealand lakes are polymietic or monomietic, whereas the northern lakes used for comparison are mostly dimietic. Also, hetero‐cystous cyanobacteria are favoured by the low inorganic nitrogen concentrations that are typical of New Zealand lakes. 4. Poor nutritional quality of the phytoplankton, relating to nitrogen limitation in many New Zealand lakes, might supplement the effects of cell size. 5. Low exploitation of phytoplankton by zooplankton can be expected to produce a shift in the metabolism of New Zealand lakes towards the sediments. Among the potential consequences of this effect are increased hypolimnetic oxygen demand with increased susceptibility to development of large internal loads of nutrients, and consequently, increased sensitivity to accelerated eutrophication from any increase in external nutrient loads.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

On the occurrence, causes and potential consequences of low zooplankton to phytoplankton ratios in New Zealand lakes

Malthus

Mitchell

1989

Freshwater Biology

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“…In some shallow lakes, the system stability triggers the cyanobacterial growth allowing their fluctuation and positioning at optimal light conditions, inhibiting the re-suspension of nonfloating competitive species (Viner, 1985). Furthermore, the auto-shading has a considerable impact on the potential primary production of phytoplankton and affects the phytoplankton community structure dominated by Cyanobacteria with implications in the management of lakes (Hubble & Harper, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptations in phytoplankton life strategies to imposed change in a shallow urban tropical eutrophic reservoir, Garças Reservoir, over 8 years

Crossetti

Bicudo

2008

Hydrobiologia

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This study aimed at evaluating the phytoplankton adaptive strategies of phytoplankton in a shallow urban eutrophic tropical reservoir, Garças Reservoir, over temporal and vertical scales. Samples were taken monthly for eight consecutive years (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004) at a fixed set of depths in the water column. At the beginning, the reservoir was eutrophic with 20% of its surface covered by water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (phase I). Then, in phase II, water hyacinth grew to cover up to 40-70% of the surface. In phase III it was mechanically removed. After macrophyte removal the limnology changed, drastically. This removal modified nutrient dynamics, drastically reduced water transparency, and increased both primary production and phytoplankton biomass, the latter impeding light penetration. Phytoplankton life strategies during water hyacinth dominance (phase II) responded promptly to this environmental disturbance in conditions of low dissolved oxygen (DO) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and high free CO 2 values. After macrophyte removal, a permanent cyanobacterial monoculture was established. Phase I was dominated basically by Sphaerocavum brasiliense, mainly during the stratified months, represented by non-flagellate colonies, the M functional group, S-strategists, and greater biomass of species with high maximal axial linear dimension (MLD) and cell volumes. Phase II was dominated by Cryptomonas curvata, C. erosa, C. marssonii, Trachelomonas sculpta, T. volvocinopsis, T. kelloggii, T. hispida, Peridinium spp., Aphanocapsa spp., and Aphanothece spp., and was represented by unicellular flagellate species, Y, W2, K, L O functional groups, and C-strategists, greater biomass of species with intermediate MLD and cell volumes. Phase III was dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa, M. panniformis, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Planktothrix agardhii, and Aphanizomenon gracile, represented by non-flagellate colonies, M, S, H1, S functional groups, and S and R-strategists, greater biomass of species with high MLD and cell volumes ([50 lm and [10 4 lm 3 , respectively).

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“…Reynolds (1980. I9fi4, 198S) and Viner (1985) have argued that physical factors, such as the intensity and frequency of windinduced mixing, have a major effect on the seasonal periodicity of lake phytoplankton. In most temperate waters the phytoplankton in early summer is dominated by small flagellates that grow rapidly in a well-mixed, nutrient-rich, water column.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The relative effects of enrichment and climate change on the long‐term dynamics of Daphnia in Esthwaite Water, Cumbria

et al. 1990

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1. The factors influencing the seasonal and inter-annual variations in the numbers of Daphnia hyalina in Esthwaite Water between 1956 and 1972 are analysed. Esthwaite Water has always been eutrophic, but the phosphorus and nitrogen loadings to the lake increased significantly in the mid 1960s.2. Qualitatively, the phytoplankton and zooplankton populations in the lake changed relatively little during the period of study. Quantitatively, however, eutrophic species of algae became more abundant and the numbers of Eudiaptomits declined as the numbers of Daphnia increased.3. The seasonal dynamics of the Daphnia was governed partly by the seasonal temperature cycle, and partly by the periodicity of edible algae. The birth rate of the Daphnia was constrained by temperature from January to April and from October to December. At other times their rate of increase was governed by the relative abundance of edible and inedible algae.4. Edible and inedible species of algae tended to appear in a recurring annual sequence. Diatoms such as Asterionella were abundant in the spring, the early summer phytoplankton was dominated by edible flagellates, but inedible algae such as Aphanizomenon and Microcystis become dominant later in the year.5. Daphnia could only reproduce in late summer when there were periodic regrowths of edible algae. Such regrowths were most likely to occur when there had been some entrainment of deep nutrients by episodic wind mixing. Calm weather encouraged the growth of blue-green algae that effectively 'blocked' the development of the Daphnia for the remainder of the summer.6. The factors that controlled the seasonal dynamics of the Daphnia also influenced the average number recorded in a particular year. The average number of Daphnia increased in the early sixties when Cryptomonas was abundant and decreased in ihe late sixties when blooms of Aphanizomenon appeared in mid summer. Detailed analyses showed that a similar increase in the numbers of Aphanizometion had occurred in the late fifties. The critical factor throughout was the prolonged period of calm resulting in stable stratification. 7, This 'weather' effect was highlighted by comparing de-trended timeseries of Daphnia and Aphanizometion numbers with a simple measure of thermocline stability. De-trending removed the superimposed effects of progressive enrichment and revealed a 10-year cycle of thermocline stability that matched the temperature cycle recently reported in Windermere, These cycles are related to the movement of weather systems in the Atlantic so could change if the pattern of atmospheric circulation is altered by global warming.8. The possible effects of climate change on Daphnia dynamics are discussed in relation to the findings in Esthwaite Water.

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Thermal stability and phytoplankton distribution

Cited by 12 publications

References 64 publications

On the occurrence, causes and potential consequences of low zooplankton to phytoplankton ratios in New Zealand lakes

On the occurrence, causes and potential consequences of low zooplankton to phytoplankton ratios in New Zealand lakes

Adaptations in phytoplankton life strategies to imposed change in a shallow urban tropical eutrophic reservoir, Garças Reservoir, over 8 years

The relative effects of enrichment and climate change on the long‐term dynamics of Daphnia in Esthwaite Water, Cumbria

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