Thermal stability of copper coating on carbon fibres

Štefánik, Pavol; Šebo, P.

doi:10.1007/bf00420528

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Copper coated carbon particles with a copper/carbon weight ratio of 40/60 were prepared from carbon particles using a cementation method and kept under an oxygen-free atmosphere. 43 The particle size as well as the specific surface area of copper were determined using an FEI Quanta 3D FEG scanning electron microscope. The liquid-solid mass transfer was measured in a 5 L glass reactor with an inner diameter of 200 mm and a height of 200 mm (Figure 1A).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid−Solid Mass Transfer in Agitated Slurry Reactors and Rotating Solid Foam Reactors

Tschentscher

Spijkers

Nijhuis

et al. 2010

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The liquid−solid mass transfer rate is studied for two three-phase reactor configurations, a stirred reactor and a rotating solid foam reactor, using the dissolution of copper by potassium dichromate as a model reaction. For the stirred reactor consisting of a Rushton stirrer and a slurry with small particles, the particle density has a large influence on the liquid−solid mass transfer rate. Heavy particles show high slip velocities, as their path is less influenced by the liquid turbulence. Furthermore, the mass transfer is enhanced by neighboring particles passing each other. In the case of solid copper particles, a k LS value of 3 × 10−3 ms−1 was observed. For particles having a density comparable to industrial catalyst supports, the k LS value is 1 order of magnitude lower. For the rotating foam block stirrer also, high k LS values of 2.5 × 10−3 ms−1 could be achieved due to the high liquid velocity along the foam struts. The influence of several parameters on the hydrodynamics and the liquid−solid mass transfer was studied. Among these, the foam block height, the foam pore size, and the space above the foam block stirrer have a large effect on the liquid circulation, the bubble formation, and therefore on the liquid−solid mass transfer. The reduction of the foam pore size has two counterbalancing effects, resulting only in a slight increase of the rate of mass transfer: (i) the liquid−solid interfacial area is increased; (ii) the liquid circulation is, however, reduced due to the higher frictional pressure drop. Gas bubbles passing the foam struts affect the liquid−solid mass transfer by inducing liquid velocity fluctuations. For the foam block stirrer, a maximum k LS a LS value of 0.6 s−1 was obtained. This shows great potential for further optimization of the liquid flow and therefore the mass transfer. An additional advantage of the foam stirrer reactor is that the solid phase is fixed and the catalyst does not need to be separated downstream from the reactor.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid−Solid Mass Transfer in Agitated Slurry Reactors and Rotating Solid Foam Reactors

Tschentscher

Spijkers

Nijhuis

et al. 2010

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Performing such averaging we may rewrite equations (24), (25) Analogous averaging was done in [39] to describe the ordering effects in binary substitutional solid solution. Let us consider the case where all positions of crystal lattice sites {R} are described by the one Bravais lattice.…”

Section: C(r) Is the Spin-like Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on copper matrix MMC was done for Cu-C [22][23][24][25][26]. This work was done to check the possibility of replacing silver in electronic contacts by copper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that in alloys there is an interaction zone CuSi + C. Small amounts of Si dispersed in the matrix suppress the interaction of copper with SiC. The thermal stability of copper coating on carbon fibers was investigated in [24]. For At-based composite materials with boron or carbon fibers the interaction process at the interface has been studied experimentally in [3,7,8,[28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical approach to the study of the stability of metal matrix composite interfaces

Dorfman

Fuks

1995

Composite Interfaces

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The problem of stability of interfaces in metal matrix composites is reduced to the investigation of the solubility and diffusion processes of fiber atoms in the metal matrix. The calculations of excess thermodynamic functions of interstitial solid solutions is performed. The influence of additives on the stability of intermetallic phases formed at the interfaces is discussed. The height of diffusion barriers for aluminium and copper matrix composite materials with carbon or boron fibers is calculated. It is shown that the alloying of the matrix by additional element, substituting aluminium or copper in the interstitial metal-metalloid solid solution, changes the value of the barrier and influence the diffusion of metalloid. Some additives as the best alloying elements for preventing the diffusion in the alloys studied are predicted.

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“…Copper [3][4][5] and nickel [4,6,7] films have been deposited on carbon fibers by cementation, electroless and electrolytic processes to improve the wettability during MMCs manufacture, as well as for other applications. Studies carried out by authors have already shown that the presence of these metallic coatings, in particular the Ni-P ones, changes the thermochemical behavior of carbon fibers during heating [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation Mechanisms of Copper and Nickel Coated Carbon Fibers

2008

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Differential-Thermal Analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction analysis were applied to determine the mechanisms of high-temperature oxidation of copperand nickel-coated carbon fibers. Both kinds of coatings were deposited by electroless plating onto the fiber surface. The as-deposited copper film was crystalline, whereas the nickel coating consisted of an amorphous Ni-P alloy. Coated fibers were heated from room temperature to 900°C in air at 10°C min -1 . For the copper coating, the main oxidation product formed at low temperatures was Cu 2 O, while at higher temperatures was CuO. The crystallization of Ni-P took place at 280-360°C with the formation of Ni and Ni 3 P. The final compounds were NiO, Ni 2 P and Ni 3 (PO 4 ) 2 . After complete oxidation of the carbon fibers, copper and nickel-oxidized microtubes were obtained. Besides, while copper reduced the temperature of the fiber oxidation, nickel coatings increased the minimum temperature needed for this reaction.

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Thermal stability of copper coating on carbon fibres

Cited by 30 publications

References 2 publications

Liquid−Solid Mass Transfer in Agitated Slurry Reactors and Rotating Solid Foam Reactors

Liquid−Solid Mass Transfer in Agitated Slurry Reactors and Rotating Solid Foam Reactors

Theoretical approach to the study of the stability of metal matrix composite interfaces

Oxidation Mechanisms of Copper and Nickel Coated Carbon Fibers

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