Thermal stability of phosphorus-containing styrene–acrylic copolymer and its fire retardant performance in waterborne intumescent coatings

Fan, Fangqiang; Xia, Zhengbin; Li, Qingying; Li, Zhong; Huan-qin, Chen

doi:10.1007/s10973-013-3099-y

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…4a, a new (but very small) peak appeared at lower temperatures (T max = 344°C) which might be due to the onset of the degradation of DPP within the composite. The lower initial degradation of composites containing high amounts of organophosphorus compounds has been attributed to the loss, at low temperatures, of low molecular T 0.1 , temperature at which 10 % mass loss occurs and is regarded as the onset of degradation; T 0.5 , temperature at which 50 % mass loss occurs; DT 0.5 difference between T 50 of the composite and pure PS S. Majoni weight compounds from the organophosphorus compound due to weak P-O bonds [19,26,38]. Mass difference curves (difference between mass% of composites and pure PS) for composites have been used to highlight the effects of the additives on the thermal stability of polymers [39].…”

Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and flammability study of polystyrene composites containing magnesium–aluminum layered double hydroxide (MgAl–C16 LDH), and an organophosphate

Majoni

2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The flame retardancy and thermal stability of polystyrene compounded with Bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphate (DPP) and or a palmitate containing magnesium aluminum LDH (MgAl-C16 LDH) were investigated via thermogravimetric analysis, cone calorimetry, and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry. Cone calorimetry and thermogravimetry measurements revealed that the addition of 5 and 10 mass% of MgAl-C16 LDH to PS resulted in substantial reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR) (47 and 61 %, respectively) of the polymer and minimal improvements in thermal stability (5 and 2°C, respectively, for the temperature at which 50 % mass loss occurs, DT 50 ). On the other hand, there was insignificant reduction in PHRR for composites containing DPP at loadings of 5 mass%, while loadings of 10 mass% resulted in a relatively low reduction of 22 %. This difference was attributed to the more compact residue formed by the LDH systems during cone calorimetry analysis. There was substantial improvements in the thermal stability of PS compounded with 10 mass% of DPP with DT 50 being 21°C. The combination of DPP and LDH resulted in a negative effect on the flammability performance of the LDH; thus, we did not observe any synergism between the LDH and DPP. Results from micro-scale combustion calorimetry did not correlate with results from cone calorimetry.

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Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and flammability study of polystyrene composites containing magnesium–aluminum layered double hydroxide (MgAl–C16 LDH), and an organophosphate

Majoni

2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…Besides the fact that aforementioned problems associated with halogen containing can be eliminated by employing IFR, they can also result in lower corrosion and preventing molten dropping during fire . The most important characteristics of IFR containing composites are their ability to swell and to foam under heat radiation . To severely reduce oxygen access to the substrate and to extremely reduce fuel transport into the flame, the main constituents of intumescent systems should consist of an acid source, a swelling agent, and a carbon source, which are also called dehydrating agent, spumific, and carbonific, respectively …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9][10] The most important characteristics of IFR containing composites are their ability to swell and to foam under heat radiation. 11 To severely reduce oxygen access to the substrate and to extremely reduce fuel transport into the flame, the main constituents of intumescent systems should consist of an acid source, a swelling agent, and a carbon source, which are also called dehydrating agent, spumific, and carbonific, respectively. 12,13 An acid source such as ammonium polyphosphate (APP) reduces the fuel feeding to the flame, first by catalyzing the formation of anhydride intermolecular bridges (reticulation) and then by stopping the intramolecular degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intumescent flame retardant polyurethane/starch composites: Thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties

Gavgani

Adelnia

Sadeghi

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Intumescent flame retardant polyurethane/starch (IFRPU/starch) composites were prepared by means of melt blending. Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MCAPP) was added to improve its compatibility with matrix, retardation of reaction between acid and carbon source, and its water resistancy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of hydrogen bonding and entangled network between IFR system and PU matrix. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) illustrated homogeneity of starch in matrix. By addition of 10 wt % of starch and 20 wt % of IFR, limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased from 22.0 to 40.0 and UL94 V0 rating was achieved. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) detected three endothermic transitions and one glass transition (Tg). The temperature of transition III and Tg increased with starch due to crosslinking between PU and starch. The improved thermal stability in the presence of starch was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Beside the fact that starch was used as a carbonization agent to improve flame retardancy, it also effectively led to enhanced mechanical and viscoelastic properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41158.

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“…The esters of carboxylic acids and short chain aliphatic alcohols are used as solvents for paints and lacquers [5,6]. The esters of multifunctional monomers like acrylates and methacrylates of various types, functionality, length, flexibility of spacer groups, containing heteroatoms, cyclic, aliphatic, or aromatic rings are employed as new monomers for preparation of polymeric materials differ in properties [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. They find their place in coatings for flooring and furniture, optical fibers, dental restorative materials, hard and soft contact lenses, photolithography, in biomedical applications as biomembranes, blood-compatible materials, antithrombotic, or antivital agents [30,31], to the production of porous microspheres in chromatography or as a potential component of polymer blends or composites [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization, and thermal properties of new flavor compounds

Worzakowska

2013

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Synthesis, characterization, and thermal properties of new, flavor, long chain esters were presented. The new compounds were obtained in the catalytic esterification process of a stoichiometric ratio of trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol, succinic anhydride, and aliphatic chain diol. As diols ethylene glycol, 1,4-buthylene glycol, 1,5-pentylene glycol, and 1,6-hexylene glycol were applied. The spectroscopic analyses completely confirmed that the applied synthesis conditions allowed obtaining the new compounds with high yield and purity. Their thermal properties were studied in inert and oxidative atmospheres. The esters were less thermally stable in inert (IDT 186-195°C) than in oxidative (IDT 210-228°C) atmosphere. Two, non-completely divided decomposition steps were visible during their pyrolysis. In contrast, the new, long chain compounds decompose in three major steps in air. The analyses of the volatile products emitted during their pyrolysis indicated on the asymmetrical disrupt of their bonds. The formation of acyclic and alicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbons, succinic anhydride, diols, alcohols, alkenes, and water was observed. It indicated mainly on the b-elimination reactions during their pyrolysis. Also, belimination reactions of esters are mainly expected in air. Initially, it resulted in the formation of acyclic and alicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbons, hydroxyl compounds (diols, alcohols), and its b-elimination products: aldehydes, alkenes, and water. However, the presence of oxygen in the medium causes the partial decarboxylation and oxygenation of aldehydes and thus the formation of alkenes and carbon dioxide. In addition, the beginning of evaporation of succinic anhydride was detected at T max1 . At T max2 the evaporation of succinic anhydride, their partial decarboxylation to CO 2 , the small amounts of diols, alcohols, and aldehyde fragments were indicated. Finally, succinic anhydride, water, and carbon dioxide were only observed during decomposition of studied esters in air.

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Thermal stability of phosphorus-containing styrene–acrylic copolymer and its fire retardant performance in waterborne intumescent coatings

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Thermal and flammability study of polystyrene composites containing magnesium–aluminum layered double hydroxide (MgAl–C16 LDH), and an organophosphate

Thermal and flammability study of polystyrene composites containing magnesium–aluminum layered double hydroxide (MgAl–C16 LDH), and an organophosphate

Intumescent flame retardant polyurethane/starch composites: Thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties

Synthesis, characterization, and thermal properties of new flavor compounds

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