Thermally poled germanosilicate films with high second-order nonlinearity

Abstract

Accurate measurements of the second-order nonlinearity profile of thermally poled low-loss gernanosilicate films grown on fused-silica substrates are reported, of interest as potential electro-optic devices.After optimization, we demonstrate a record high nonlinear coefficient d33 1.6 pm/V, a two-fold improvement over highest reported d33 value in fused silica that we attribute to the presence of germanium.