Thermo-Hydrodynamics of Sea Ice Rubble

Marchenko, Aleksey

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_10

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Drift ice observed along Spitsbergen Bank during the cruises consisted of relatively big areas with slushy ice, sea ice floes with a thickness of 30-40 cm, and diameters 10-100 m; consolidated sea ice floes with mean drafts 4-6 m and diameters 20-50 m; and bergy bits [16]. In 2019, fieldwork was performed on the consolidated floe with draft up to 9 m [3]. Thick consolidated floes were found in each of the cruises.…”

Section: Ice Conditions Along Spitsbergen Bankmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The macro-porosity equals the ratio of the volume of sea water trapped inside ice rubble to the total volume of the rubble. Field investigations showed the ice rubble macro-porosity changing from 0.1 to 0.7 [3] (p. 206). The most frequent values of the macro-porosity are in the range from 0.2 to 0.3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Høyland et al [12], Strub-Klein et al [13], and Shestov et al [14] discovered that the second-year ice ridges in the Fram Strait are also completely consolidated. Field investigations of drift ice along Spitsbergen Bank in April 2017-2019 showed the existence of completely consolidated ice ridges with drafts up to 8 m [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It influences the decreasing of the macro-porosity of ice ridges. The mathematical model of this process was formulated and investigated using the assumption that the temperature of UR and sea water inside UR equals the freezing point of sea water below UR [3]. The freezing point was assumed given.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of Thermodynamic Consolidation of Sea Ice Ridges Drifting in the Water with Changing Temperature

Marchenko¹

2022

JMSE

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Oceanographic and ice conditions in the region of Spitsbergen Bank in the Barents Sea were investigated in research cruises of the “Polarsyssel” in 2017–2019. Trajectories of ice drift were constructed using GPS data of the buoys deployed on the floes in the research cruises. The duration of the ice season in the region was analyzed using ice charts. The air temperature and wind velocities were analyzed using the data of meteorological stations on Bear Island and Hopen Island. Fieldwork on drifting ice showed the existence of thick consolidated floes with drafts up to 8 m, which were identified as completely consolidated sea ice ridges. The presence of such floes is dangerous for winter navigation along Spitsbergen Bank. A model of thermodynamic consolidation of ice ridges was formulated to investigate the thermodynamic evolution of ice ridges. The observed air and sea water temperatures were used in the boundary conditions on top and bottom surfaces of sea ice rubble. It was shown that the regular interaction of sea ice rubble with Atlantic and Arctic waters in the region of Spitsbergen Bank leads to almost complete consolidation of the ice rubble with an initial macro-porosity 0.2 for 150 days.

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Section: Ice Conditions Along Spitsbergen Bankmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of Thermodynamic Consolidation of Sea Ice Ridges Drifting in the Water with Changing Temperature

Marchenko¹

2022

JMSE

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“…The macroporosity of first-year ice ridges is in the range of 20% to 45% (Bowen & Topham, 1996), with an average porosity of 30% (Timco & Burden, 1997). Some ridges become fully consolidated (with near-zero macroporosity) during the melt season (Marchenko, 2022). Ridges that have survived summer melt often have lower macroporosity due to refreezing of meltwater in the ridge keel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferential Summer Melt of Deeper Ridge Keels in the Central Arctic Ocean from Multibeam Sonar Data

Salganik

Lange

Katlein

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Sea-ice ridges constitute a large fraction of the total Arctic sea-ice volume (up to 40%); nevertheless, they are the least studied part of the Arctic ice pack. Here we investigate sea-ice melt rates using rare underwater multibeam data that cover a period of one month during the advanced melt stage in the Arctic summer. We show that the degree of bottom melt increases with ice draft for first-year and second-year level ice, and a first-year ice ridge keel, with an average of 0.45 m, 0.55 m, and 0.95 m of total snow and ice melt in the observation period, respectively. While bottom melt rates of ridge keels are 3-4 times higher than first-year level ice, surface melt rates are almost identical. Our estimate attributes 57% of the ridge keel melt variability to keel draft (36%), slope (32%), and width (27%).

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Different mechanisms of Arctic first-year sea-ice ridge consolidation observed during the MOSAiC expedition

et al. 2023

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Sea-ice ridges constitute a large fraction of the ice volume in the Arctic Ocean, yet we know little about the evolution of these ice masses. Here we examine the thermal and morphological evolution of an Arctic first-year sea-ice ridge, from its formation to advanced melt. Initially the mean keel depth was 5.6 m and mean sail height was 0.7 m. The initial rubble macroporosity (fraction of seawater filled voids) was estimated at 29% from ice drilling and 43%–46% from buoy temperature. From January until mid-April, the ridge consolidated slowly by heat loss to the atmosphere and the total consolidated layer growth during this phase was 0.7 m. From mid-April to mid-June, there was a sudden increase of ridge consolidation rate despite no increase in conductive heat flux. We surmise this change was related to decreased macroporosity due to transport of snow-slush to the ridge keel rubble via adjacent open leads. In this period, the mean thickness of the consolidated layer increased by 2.1 m. At the peak of melt in June–July we suggest that the consolidation was related to the refreezing of surface snow and ice meltwater and of ridge keel meltwater (the latter only about 15% of total consolidation). We used the morphology parameters of the ridge to calculate its hydrostatic equilibrium and obtained a more accurate estimate of the actual consolidation of the keel, correcting from 2.2 m to 2.8 m for average keel consolidation. This approach also allowed us to estimate that the average keel melt of 0.3 m, in June–July, was accompanied by a decrease in ridge draft of 0.9 m. An ice mass balance buoy in the ridge indicated total consolidation of 2.8 m, of which 2.1 m was related to the rapid mode of consolidation from April to June. By mid-June, consolidation resulted in a drastic decrease of the macroporosity of the interior of keel while the flanks had little or no change in macroporosity. These results are important to understanding the role of ridge keels as meltwater sources and sinks and as sanctuary for ice-associated organisms in Arctic pack ice.

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Thermo-Hydrodynamics of Sea Ice Rubble

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Modeling of Thermodynamic Consolidation of Sea Ice Ridges Drifting in the Water with Changing Temperature

Modeling of Thermodynamic Consolidation of Sea Ice Ridges Drifting in the Water with Changing Temperature

Preferential Summer Melt of Deeper Ridge Keels in the Central Arctic Ocean from Multibeam Sonar Data

Different mechanisms of Arctic first-year sea-ice ridge consolidation observed during the MOSAiC expedition

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