Thermo-mechanical properties of microfibrillated cellulose-reinforced partially crystallized PLA composites

Suryanegara, Lisman; Nakagaito, Antonio Norio; Yano, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1007/s10570-010-9419-5

Cited by 119 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This effect on the crystallinity of polymer materials is reported in various other studies, in which polymers have been used, like PLA [2] , PCL [21] , PVA [22] and PHBV [23] . These results suggest that the effect produced by the cellulose on the crystallinity of polymer materials is independent of the type of polymer matrix used, and is therefore mainly related to the nature of this filler.…”

Section: Santos F A; Tavares M I B -Development and Characterisupporting

confidence: 67%

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Development and characterization of hybrid materials based on biodegradable PLA matrix, microcrystalline cellulose and organophilic silica

Santos

Tavares

2014

Polímeros

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Abstract:The goal of this work was to investigate the production and properties of hybrid materials based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA), employing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and organophilic silica (R972) as fillers. The composites were obtained by solution casting to form films. Each nanoparticle was incorporated at 3 wt. %, relative to the polymer matrix. In this experiment, four films were obtained (PLA, PLA/MCC, PLA/R972 and PLA/MCC/R972). The films properties were evaluated by X-ray diffractometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mechanical properties. The results showed that each nanoparticle, added individually or both combined, had different effect on the final properties of the films. Microcrystalline cellulose can act as nucleating agent for the crystallization of PLA. Silica promoted an increase in rigidity, due to the strong intermolecular forces, while MCC addition promoted an increase in the molecular mobility of the polymeric chains. The PLA/MCC/R972 film showed the highest crystallinity degree and tensile modulus. This film presented a T 1 H value between both values found for PLA/MCC and PLA/R972 films. The results indicated that silica R972 could promote a decrease of the surface tension between PLA and cellulose.

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Section: Santos F A; Tavares M I B -Development and Characterisupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Renewable materials from natural sources have been extensively researched to replace traditional polymers used in various applications [1,2] . These materials have advantages such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, low toxicity and low cost [3][4][5][6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of hybrid materials based on biodegradable PLA matrix, microcrystalline cellulose and organophilic silica

Santos

Tavares

2014

Polímeros

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“…Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that PHBV chain mobility was restrained in the vicinity of the CNCs. Suryanegara et al 87 developed a kneading technique to disperse MFCs to 10 wt% loadings in PLA. They investigated the deformation behaviour of the composites as a function of PLA crystallinity.…”

Section: At Low To Medium Cellulose Loadings Percolated Network Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Composites Made Entirely from Renewable Resources

Blaker¹,

Lee²,

Bismarck³

2011

J Biobased Mat Bioenergy

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Recent interest in the utilisation of greener materials has reinitiated the interest in natural fibres and/or fibrils as reinforcement for polymers. However, such bio-based composites often exhibit properties that fall short of expectations due to (i) inadequate processing conditions, resulting in filler agglomeration and poor filler dispersion within the matrix, (ii) variations in natural fibre properties, often due to geographical and seasonal variability, (iii) anisotropy of the natural fibres themselves, (iv) high linear coefficient of thermal expansion for natural fibres and (v) the incompatibility between typically hydrophilic natural fibres and hydrophobic polymer matrices resulting in poor interfacial adhesion between the phases. Chemical modification of natural fibres is often performed to enhance the fibre-matrix interface. A new type of modification, which involves depositing a coating of nanosized cellulose onto natural fibres or dispersing nano-sized cellulose in natural fibre reinforced composites, has been shown to improve the fibre-matrix interface and the overall mechanical performances of such composites, which we term hierarchical (nano)composites. Such composites are also known as multiscale, nanoengineered or nanostructured composites. This paper reviews the current progress of green hierarchical (nano)composites made entirely from renewable materials. As a backdrop, here we look at how nature organises structures across different length scales. We discuss techniques to achieve percolated nanofiller networks within the matrix, at low-medium loading fractions (typically 6-10 vol.%) and processing routes to achieve high loading fractions, then focus on those used to produce truly hierarchical structures in terms of their processing and resultant properties. By creating hierarchical structures within bio-based composite materials we expect to match and improve upon non-renewable polymers.

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“…It has subsequently been established that MFC can be readily prepared using a range of mechanical treatments including grinding, microfluidising, sonication and homogenization [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Interest in the use of MFC to reinforce a polymer composite has grown over the last decade due to the fibres' high aspect ratio, crystallinity, stiffness and specific surface area [3,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress transfer in microfibrillated cellulose reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) composites

Tanpichai

Sampson

Eichhorn

2014

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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Combined homogenization and sonication treatments of micron-sized lyocell fibres were used to generate microfibrillated celluose (MFC) with fibril diameters of ~350 nm. No further reduction in fibril diameter was observed after 30 minutes treatment. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composites reinforced with these fibrils were fabricated using solvent casting and physical and mechanical properties were investigated. The presence of MFC in PVA increased the thermal degradation of the polymer. An increase in both the tensile strength and modulus of the composites was observed for up to 3 wt.% of fibrils; beyond this point no significant increases were observed. An estimate of ~39 GPa is made for the fibril modulus based on this increase. Stress-transfer between the polymer resin and the fibrils was investigated using Raman spectroscopy. Stress transfer in the composite is shown to be greater than that of a pure network of fibres, indicating a good fibre-matrix bond.

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Thermo-mechanical properties of microfibrillated cellulose-reinforced partially crystallized PLA composites

Cited by 119 publications

References 18 publications

Development and characterization of hybrid materials based on biodegradable PLA matrix, microcrystalline cellulose and organophilic silica

Development and characterization of hybrid materials based on biodegradable PLA matrix, microcrystalline cellulose and organophilic silica

Hierarchical Composites Made Entirely from Renewable Resources

Stress transfer in microfibrillated cellulose reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) composites

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