Thermochemical conversion and characterization of cocoa pod husks a potential agricultural waste from Ghana

Adjin-Tetteh, Maxwell; Asiedu, Nana Yaw; Dodoo‐Arhin, David; Karam, Ayman; Amaniampong, Prince Nana

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.02.060

Cited by 90 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Large quantities of underexploited by-products, including cocoa pod husk (CPH) and pulp, are generated by removing the beans from the cocoa pods [2]. CPH weighs about 75% of the whole fruit and is the main process by-product [3][4][5]. After removal of the cocoa beans, CPH is usually discarded on the farm and can function as an organic fertiliser, a practice that adds organic matter to soil and enables the return of nutrients to the soil and their recycling to plant-available forms after decomposition M A N U S C R I P T…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorisation strategies for cocoa pod husk and its fractions

Lü

Rodríguez-García

Damme

et al. 2018

Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry

122

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Cocoa pod husk (CPH) is the main by-product (ca. 70-75% weight of whole fruit) of the cocoa harvest, an important and economic crop in developing countries. It is a rich source of minerals (particularly potassium), fibre (including lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin) and antioxidants (e.g. phenolic acids). An existing practise is the return of CPH to soil with potential benefits (or disadvantages) for cocoa productivity and soil sustainability that have not been fully characterised. Currently, alternative low-value applications of CPH include its use as animal feed, as a starting material for soap making and activated carbon. Other biotechnological valorisation potentials for CPH and its fractions include the production of bio-fuels and their incorporation in food systems. Physical, chemical or biological pretreatment approaches are needed in order to achieve desirable fractions in a cost-effective and sustainable manner for novel applications in food and non-food sectors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorisation strategies for cocoa pod husk and its fractions

Lü

Rodríguez-García

Damme

et al. 2018

Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry

122

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“…The CPH bio-oil has a density of 1.085 ± 0.003 g ml -1 . The volume of bio-oil produced is influenced by decomposition and depolymerization of cellulose during pyrolysis [30]. Figure 1 shows the analysis from GC/MS of CPH bio-oil, and the corresponding identified compounds are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemical Compounds Analysis of Bio-oil and Char from Cocoa Pod Husks Waste Pyrolysis by GC-MS/FTIR and its Potential as Biofungicide

Mashuni¹,

Kadidae²,

Lewi³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Science and Technology, ICOST 2019, 2-3 May, Makassar, Indonesia

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Cocoa pod husk (CPH) is a lignocellulosic waste that can be processed for producing chemical compounds. It can be used antifungal active substances which have the potential to become promising biofungicide. The purpose of this study was to obtain active material of bio-oil and char from CPH pyrolysis as an antifungal. This research include CPH pyrolysis, compounds analysis of bio-oil and char using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Fourier transform infrared (GC-MS/FTIR) further testing effectiveness as antifungal with the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The spectrogram of GC-MS shows content of major chemical compounds of bio-oil are 2-methoxy-phenol; 2,3-dimethyl-pyridine; 3methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione; 2,6-dimethoxy-phenol; 2-butanol; 5-hydroxy-2,7dimethyl-4-octanone; maltol; 3,4-dihydroxyaceto-phenone; 3-methyl-phenol; 2methoxy-5-methylphenol; 2,3-dimethyl-cyclohexanol. The FTIR spectrum of char shows vibration at functional groups O-H, C≡C, C=O and CH3. The concentration of bio-oil 30% (v/v) and char effectively inhibit 100% fungus like control + (synthetic fungicide). Therefore, it is very promising to be applied as biofungicide.

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“…The energy resources processed from agricultural waste have very good potential [139][140][141][142][143]. The thermochemical properties found in this waste vary more depending on the type of plant used [144][145][146]. The properties contained in biomass have different potential, so it is very suitable in the process of producing different biofuels for electricity generation.…”

Section: Fig 4 Schematic Diagram Of Polygeneration Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Polygeneration as a Sustainable Energy Solution in the Future

Hani

Mahidin

Erdiwansyah

et al. 2020

ARFMTS

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Better systems can be produced from various utility outputs that are integrated to make choices. The emergence of polygeneration after triggers and cogeneration can be used as sustainable solutions, making it possible to utilize resources optimally, efficiently and environmentally friendly. Polygeneration can be conceptualized with several possibilities because, theoretically, the working system has been well received as contained in some literature. Various scientific works have reported that the input and output vary greatly. The results of experimental analyses and prototypes developed have also been widely investigated and reported. Optimization tools that are based on the function of each objective are also used as a step to develop polygeneration effectively and efficiently. Polygeneration assessment has multidimensional criteria and their definitions can be applied based on cases with specific objectives. The main objective of this article is to comprehensively review the various literature available to investigate the status of polygeneration for renewable and sustainable energy solutions in the future. Various possible logical and predictable future works on polygeneration are also discussed at the end of this article.

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Thermochemical conversion and characterization of cocoa pod husks a potential agricultural waste from Ghana

Cited by 90 publications

References 28 publications

Valorisation strategies for cocoa pod husk and its fractions

Valorisation strategies for cocoa pod husk and its fractions

The Chemical Compounds Analysis of Bio-oil and Char from Cocoa Pod Husks Waste Pyrolysis by GC-MS/FTIR and its Potential as Biofungicide

An Overview of Polygeneration as a Sustainable Energy Solution in the Future

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