Thermochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Mass-Producible Fuels: Emerging Technology Progress and Environmental Sustainability Evaluation

Liu, Wujun; Yu, Han‐Qing

doi:10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00025

Cited by 67 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Due to the presence of multiple functionalities in biomass molecules, upgrading them requires breaking certain bonds while retaining the functional groups of interest . Many processes of converting lignocellulosic biomass into useful fuels and chemicals involve selective bond scission steps: from C–O cleavage during hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil to selectively breaking C–C or C–O bonds of biomass-derived oxygenates. − Thus, one of the fundamental challenges of commercializing these processes is effectively controlling these pathways. Among the various upgrading reactions, which include dehydrogenation, , hydrodeoxygenation, hydrolysis, and dehydration, the dehydrogenation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds has recently gained interest as a method of producing biomass-derived alcohols and H 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Bond Scission Pathways of Isopropanol on Fe- and Pt-Modified Mo₂N Model Surfaces and Powder Catalysts

Porter,

Mera,

Liao

et al. 2024

ACS Catal.

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Biomass valorization can be used to produce value-added chemicals and fuels from renewable biomass resources by upgrading them via selective bond scission while retaining certain functional groups. Specifically, upgrading biomass through the dehydrogenation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds has gained interest as a method of utilizing biomass-derived alcohols while additionally producing H2. In this work, isopropanol was used as a probe molecule to control bond scission selectivity over Fe- and Pt-modified molybdenum nitride (Mo2N) model surfaces and powder catalysts. Trends in the selectivity toward dehydration and dehydrogenation were dependent on both the type and coverage of the metal overlayer on model surfaces. These results were then extended to the corresponding powder catalysts to demonstrate how model surface studies can inform the design of supported catalysts. Density functional theory calculations provided insights into controlling the dehydration and dehydrogenation pathways. This work shows that a fundamental understanding of the reactivity and intermediates on Mo2N-based model surfaces can be applied to understand the catalytic performance of metal-modified Mo2N powder catalysts, and also demonstrates that Mo2N-based catalysts are potentially promising materials for upgrading biomass-derived oxygenates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Bond Scission Pathways of Isopropanol on Fe- and Pt-Modified Mo₂N Model Surfaces and Powder Catalysts

Porter,

Mera,

Liao

et al. 2024

ACS Catal.

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“…This process aids in mitigating the environmental consequences associated with waste disposal and the use of landfills. , The utilization of syngas derived from biomass gasification offers a wide range of applications, encompassing power generation and heat production and serving as a feedstock for the manufacture of biofuels and chemicals. The inherent adaptability of this technology offers a range of possibilities for addressing energy requirements and presents itself as a viable option for energy storage. , Biomass gasification is the conversion of biomass materials such as wood, crop leftovers, and other organic components into a gaseous fuel known as “syngas”. Syngas is predominantly composed of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H 2 ), and minor quantities of methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), accompanied by contaminants such as tars and particulate debris.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking Syngas Synthesis from the Catalytic Gasification of Lignocellulose Pinewood: Catalytic and Pressure Insights

Tewari,

Balyan,

Jiang

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Modern technologies transform biomass into commodity chemicals, biofuels, and solid charcoal, making it appear as a renewable resource rather than organic waste. The effectiveness of Mo, Fe, Co, and Ni metal catalysts was investigated during the gasification of lignocellulosic pinewood. The primary goal was to compare the performance of iron and nickel catalysts in the lowand high-pressure production of syngas from pinewood. This is the first study that has reported high-pressure gasification of pinewood without the use of an external gasifying agent, producing syngas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide along with considerable amounts of methane with or without a catalyst. Also, the same gasification at low pressures was compared. In this study, the iron catalyst produces syngas more efficiently at higher pressure and 800 °C, and contains 43 mol % H 2 , 22 mol % CO 2 , 26 mol % CH 4 , and 8 mol % CO in comparison to the nickel catalyst. High pressure produces a large amount of methane too. The nickel catalyst produces higher syngas at low pressure and 850 °C, and contains 55 mol % H 2 , 9 mol % CO 2 , 5 mol % CH 4 , and 30 mol % CO. Low-pressure gasification produces less amounts of CH 4 and CO 2 . Also, the H 2 /CO ratio is ∼1.81 using the nickel catalyst at low pressures, which is good for utilizing syngas as a feedstock. These results highlight the importance of catalyst selection, reactor configuration, and operating circumstances in adjusting gasification product composition. The study's findings provide information about optimizing syngas production from pinewood, which is critical for the development of sustainable and efficient energy conversion technologies.

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“…Therefore, initiatives for the sustainable use of electricity, hydrogen, and biofuels are being implemented to decarbonize the sector and reduce its GHG emissions . In the realm of biofuels, the widely available forest residue as renewable biomass feedstock can undergo thermochemical conversion (hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) or pyrolysis) to produce a liquid product known as biocrude. Biocrudes have high oxygen content (up to 45 wt %), and low thermal stability and calorific value, , therefore requiring significant upgrading before they can be used as transportation fuels .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Efficiency of Coprocessing Forest Residue Derived HTL Biocrude with Vacuum Gas Oil: An Integrated Pretreatment Approach

Badoga,

Alvarez-Majmutov,

Rodriguez

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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This work presents an integrated approach to pretreat hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) biocrude, combining hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) with fractionation to improve coprocessing efficiency. HDO alone reduces total oxygen content in the biocrude but may leave resistant high-boiling components that can cause plugging and catalyst deactivation issues during coprocessing. Distillation or solvent treatment of the deoxygenated biocrude is proposed here as a supplementary step to address these problematic components. An HTL biocrude from forest residue was treated by HDO followed by either distillation or solvent treatment with toluene, and the two pretreated biocrudes were coprocessed with vacuum gas oil (VGO) at a 7.5 vol % blending ratio in a continuous hydroprocessing pilot plant. A test with pure VGO was also conducted to set a baseline for the study. Coprocessing of the biocrude subjected to HDO and solvent treatment required raising the reaction temperature by 9 °C over the baseline temperature for pure VGO to achieve the same level of sulfur removal, whereas the one treated by HDO and distillation matched the baseline performance without temperature adjustments, thus proving more effective in terms of reducing the impact of high-boiling biocrude components on catalyst activity. Throughout the ∼650 h of continuous operation, there were no signs of reactor plugging, unlike in our previous coprocessing study where the reactor was rapidly plugged with a similar biocrude that was only subjected to HDO. Biogenic content analysis demonstrated that in both cases over 95% of biogenic carbon was retained in the liquid product, whereas detailed hydrocarbon analysis revealed some compositional differences between the products. Altogether, the two combined approaches were found beneficial for coprocessing performance, with the one involving distillation being more effective to address catalyst poising effects.

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Thermochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Mass-Producible Fuels: Emerging Technology Progress and Environmental Sustainability Evaluation

Cited by 67 publications

References 125 publications

Controlling Bond Scission Pathways of Isopropanol on Fe- and Pt-Modified Mo₂N Model Surfaces and Powder Catalysts

Controlling Bond Scission Pathways of Isopropanol on Fe- and Pt-Modified Mo₂N Model Surfaces and Powder Catalysts

Unlocking Syngas Synthesis from the Catalytic Gasification of Lignocellulose Pinewood: Catalytic and Pressure Insights

Enhancing Efficiency of Coprocessing Forest Residue Derived HTL Biocrude with Vacuum Gas Oil: An Integrated Pretreatment Approach

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Thermochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Mass-Producible Fuels: Emerging Technology Progress and Environmental Sustainability Evaluation

Cited by 67 publications

References 125 publications

Controlling Bond Scission Pathways of Isopropanol on Fe- and Pt-Modified Mo2N Model Surfaces and Powder Catalysts

Controlling Bond Scission Pathways of Isopropanol on Fe- and Pt-Modified Mo2N Model Surfaces and Powder Catalysts

Unlocking Syngas Synthesis from the Catalytic Gasification of Lignocellulose Pinewood: Catalytic and Pressure Insights

Enhancing Efficiency of Coprocessing Forest Residue Derived HTL Biocrude with Vacuum Gas Oil: An Integrated Pretreatment Approach

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Product

Resources

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Controlling Bond Scission Pathways of Isopropanol on Fe- and Pt-Modified Mo₂N Model Surfaces and Powder Catalysts

Controlling Bond Scission Pathways of Isopropanol on Fe- and Pt-Modified Mo₂N Model Surfaces and Powder Catalysts