Thermochemical principles of the production of lightweight aggregates from waste coal bottom ash

Balapour, Mohammad; Rao, Rathin; Garboczi, Edward J.; Spatari, Sabrina; Hsuan, Y. G.; Billen, Pieter; Farnam, Yaghoob

doi:10.1111/jace.17458

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(180 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the further melting and sintering of the sample, that is, the appearance of the molten phase and the gas–liquid two‐phase state, promoted the escape of bubbles, resulting in decreased pore number and porosity. Finally, pore parameters and the height of the ash sample decreased to a stable minimum due to the reduction of gas production, which was in balance with the bubble escape 47 . By reason of the inhibition of high sodium coal combustion by adding 10% CaO additive, the pore parameters of samples changed slowly with sintering time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Finally, pore parameters and the height of the ash sample decreased to a stable minimum due to the reduction of gas production, which was in balance with the bubble escape. 47 By reason of the inhibition of high sodium coal combustion by adding 10% CaO additive, the pore parameters of samples changed slowly with sintering time.…”

Section: Porous Structural Evolution Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation of pore structure during high sodium coal ash sintering with and without calcium oxide additive through XCT technology

Fang

Wang

Luo

et al. 2022

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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This article investigates the evolution of morphology and pore structure during sintering at 1200 C for a high sodium coal ash, with and without using a calcium oxide additive. The effect of different proportions of calcium oxide additive was studied. The ratios of height and area of samples were calculated, and representative sintering time points of morphological changes were captured. Meanwhile, frequencies of diameter, pore numbers, and porosities were obtained by processing images. The maximum ratio of height and area reached at 15 min, 4 min, and 10 min for the sintering process of coal ash sample without additive, with 5% and 10% CaO, proving that CaO accelerates the sintering process. In comparison, the maximum porosities were 52.4%, 39.5%, and 47.0% for sintering samples after 10 min, 6 min, and 40 min.Besides, X-ray diffraction analysis of the minerals of the condensed white matter was conducted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Porous Structural Evolution Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of pore structure during high sodium coal ash sintering with and without calcium oxide additive through XCT technology

Fang

Wang

Luo

et al. 2022

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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“…In the last stage, from Figures and , the number of pores and the height of ash samples decreased to the lowest level because the formation of the gases gradually stopped. During this stage, the sintered ash samples were mostly in the liquid phase with few pores and the lowest porosity …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this stage, the sintered ash samples were mostly in the liquid phase with few pores and the lowest porosity. 51 3.4. Crystalline Phase Analysis.…”

Section: Pore Parameters Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of the Pore Structure during Coal and Biomass Ash Sintering Based on X-ray CT Technology

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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This paper explores the evolution of pore structure parameters during Zhundong coal and biomass ash sintering at 1473 K. Additionally, the influences of blending biomass ash with different proportions are determined. The pore parameters, including the porosity, diameter, number, and frequency of the equivalent diameter, were processed by reconstructing and processing three-dimensional (3D) data on the basis of X-ray computed microtomography (XCT). The maximum porosities for the cases of pure coal and mixture of 10% biomass and 50% biomass during sintering are determined to be 46.6, 42.6, and 24.0%, respectively, while the frequencies of small pores (<0.2 mm) in the coal ash samples are lower than those in the other cases. In addition, the mineralogical phase transformation during sintering is identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. The condensate in the pores mainly comprises NaCl, CaSO 4 , and KCl, which indicates that the volatilization of alkali metals and the formation and gasification of anhydrite occur throughout the sintering process.

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“…Some of these wastes are of organic character, such as sawdust, coffee grounds, processed corn cob granulate, brewing industry wastes, coconut, cotton, rice or meat bone meal [14][15][16][17][18]. Others are of an inorganic nature, such as copper heavy metals, glass waste, coal ash or clay by-products from phosphate mines [19][20][21][22]. The recycling of these wastes in the artificial aggregate will contribute to reach the goal of zero waste as long as the final product obtained complies with the required quality standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Lightweight Aggregates Made from Waste—Applying the Circular Economy

et al. 2022

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The application of Life Cycle Assessment in the construction sector can be a very useful tool to reduce the environmental impact generated by the sector. In order to quantify the improvement in environmental terms with the use of artificial lightweight aggregates (LWA) manufactured with waste, in this work, we conducted a comparative evaluation of the life cycle of LWAs for a total of five different scenarios: LWAs obtained in a traditional way, i.e., using exclusively clay in their manufacture (Spanish blond clay, Portuguese red clay and Portuguese blond clay), and LWAs manufactured with four different wastes, with a partial substitution of 2.5% for each of the clays per waste (almond and hazelnut shells, sludge from the purification of paper money, cork dust and coffee grounds). The functional unit was set as the production of 1 kilo of lightweight aggregates and the CML 2000 methodology and the SimaPro software were used. The results obtained in this research allow us to conclude that the addition of organic wastes showed a slightly higher environmental performance than the conventional system, the ALAs manufactured with almond and hazelnut shells being the most environmentally friendly option, with reductions of more than 30% in some cases, followed by the LWAs manufactured with coffee grounds. On the other hand, the addition of paper sewage sludge and cork dust represents minimal environmental optimization.

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Thermochemical principles of the production of lightweight aggregates from waste coal bottom ash

Cited by 23 publications

References 70 publications

Experimental investigation of pore structure during high sodium coal ash sintering with and without calcium oxide additive through XCT technology

Experimental investigation of pore structure during high sodium coal ash sintering with and without calcium oxide additive through XCT technology

Experimental Study of the Pore Structure during Coal and Biomass Ash Sintering Based on X-ray CT Technology

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Lightweight Aggregates Made from Waste—Applying the Circular Economy

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