Thermochemical Stability of Hybrid Halide Perovskites

Senocrate, Alessandro; Kim, Gee Yeong; Grätzel, Michaël; Maier, Joachim

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01605

Cited by 122 publications

(122 citation statements)

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“…Compared with conventional MAPbI 3 , replacing iodide with bromide (i.e., methylammonium lead bromide, MAPbBr 3 ) has shown higher resistance against environmental humidity. [128,[147][148][149] In addition, the partial substitution of iodide for bromide has shown longer operational lifetimes due to an increased resistance to moisture. [128,150] Pont et al [128] found that higher ratios of bromide in mixed-halide perovskites MAPb(I 1−x Br x ) 3 , resulted in higher moisture stability.…”

Section: Composition Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Fabrication of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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Unlike fossil fuels, the sun is an inexhaustible energy source that delivers more energy to the earth in 1 h than the entire planet consumes in one year. Energy can be harvested from the sun using photovoltaics (PV) and stored (e.g., batteries), meaning solar energy can be used as and when required. [3,4] Currently, the commercial PV market is dominated by single-junction crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV which deliver power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of over 26% under 1 Sun illumination (AM 1.5 standard). [5,6] Despite their high efficiencies, the fabrication of c-Si PV is nontrivial and lacks electronic tunability. Furthermore, the record efficiency for c-Si PV is 26.7% [5] which is very close to the theoretical limit of 29.4%. [7] This clearly indicates that c-Si PV is a mature technology and there is limited room for improvement. [8] Over the past two decades, third-generation solar cells such as dye-sensitized solar cells, [9,10] quantum dot solar cells, [11,12] organic solar cells, [13,14] and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [15,16] have been developed as alternatives to c-Si technologies. Of these third-generation solar cells, single-junction PSCs have generated significant attention due to their intense visible to near-infrared absorptivity, [16-18] long diffusion lengths of the charge carriers, [19,20] high efficiency, [21,22] electronic and physical tunability, [23,24] and low manufacturing costs. [25,26] After the first report by Miyasaka's group in 2009, [27] the PCE for single junction devices increased considerably from 3.8% to 25.2%, [27,28] making it the fastest advancing PV technology to date. This has uniquely placed PSCs as the frontrunner technology to potentially replace or coexist with c-Si PV. The term "perovskite" refers to a group of compounds that share the same lattice structure as calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO 3). All PV perovskite materials have the general chemical formula ABX 3 , as illustrated in Figure 1a. Organic-Inorganic hybrid PSCs are typically made using an organic/ inorganic cation (A = methylammonium (MA) CH 3 NH 3 + , formamidinium (FA) CH 3 (NH 2) 2 + , or cesium), a divalent cation (B = Pb 2+ or Sn 2+) , [29] and an anion (X = Cl − , Br − , or I −), illustrated in Figure 1b. [16,30] A is surrounded by eight lead halide octahedra (B in the center of octahedra) and forms a cubic perovskite structure. When the size of A or/and X is changed, the structure of perovskite will distort. The Goldschmidt tolerance factor (t) [31] of perovskite is an empirical index for Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their high-power conversion efficiency, simple fabrication, and low material cost. However, due to their high sensitivity to moisture and oxygen, high efficiency PSCs are mainly constructed in an inert environment. This has led to significant concerns associated with the long-term stability and manufacturing costs, which are some of the major limitations for the commercialization of this cutting-edge tech...

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Section: Composition Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Fabrication of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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“…CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 -based perovskite solar cells have been more extensively investigated, due to their fast charge extraction rates and their near-complete visible light absorption, related to a relatively low band gap, around 1.6 eV [11,12]. However, the poor stability of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and rapid degradation in humidity has remained a drawback for its practical application, as a commercialized product [13][14][15][16]. CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 constitutes a promising alternative, which presents a good charge transport in devices due to its long exciton diffusion length [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Phase Transitions of Hybrid Perovskites CH₃NH₃PbX₃ (X = Br, Cl) from Synchrotron and Neutron Diffraction Data

López¹,

Álvarez-Galván²,

Abia³

et al. 2021

Perovskite and Piezoelectric Materials

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Methylammonium (MA) lead trihalide perovskites, that is, CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 (X = I, Br, Cl), have emerged as a new class of light-absorbing materials for photovoltaic applications. Indeed, since their implementation in solar-cell heterojunctions, they reached efficiencies above 23%. From a crystallographic point of view, there are many open questions that should be addressed, including the role of the internal motion of methylammonium groups within PbX 6 lattice under extreme conditions, such as low/high temperature or high pressure. For instance, in MAPbBr 3 perovskites, the octahedral tilting can be induced upon cooling, lowering the space group from the aristotype Pm ¯ 3 m to I4/mcm and Pnma. The band gap engineering brought about by the chemical management of MAPb(Br,Cl) 3 perovskites has been controllably tuned: the gap progressively increases with the concentration of Cl ions from 2.1 to 2.9 eV. In this chapter, we review recent structural studies by state-ofthe-art techniques, relevant to the crystallographic characterization of these materials, in close relationship with their light-absorption properties.

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“…Most published studies have examined MAPbI 3 as a representative material. However, optimized solar cells are based on variations of the MAPbI 3 composition that regulate the device stability and as such, the effect of these specific perovskite derivatives on stability must first be understood [47] …”

Section: What Makes Perovskites Unstablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apparently, by taking advantage of the hybrid nature of these compounds, utilization of bulky aliphatic or aromatic organic spacer molecules gives rise to 2D materials with improved moisture stability ( Figure 1 ,a–1,b ). Despite the numerous reports towards the assembly of air‐stable solar cell devices, [32,35,38–47] there are limited reports evaluating the inherent environmental stability of 2D perovskite materials either in single crystal form or as a film ( Table 1). Smith et al .…”

Section: Advances On Perovskite Materials Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[36,37] Towards this end, many approaches have been devised, targeting either the design and synthesis of environmentally stable perovskite materials or the development of device architectures to protect the light absorbing layer from moisture and oxygen (including methods for sufficient encapsulation of the solar cell devices). [32,35,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] In this perspective, we will focus in detail on both these directions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Quest of Environmentally Stable Perovskite Solar Cells: A Perspective

Spanopoulos

Kanatzidis

2020

Helvetica Chimica Acta

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Dedicated to Prof. Michael Grätzel on the occasion of his 75th birthday and his contribution to solar energy conversion. Inorganic-organic halide perovskites pose a once-in-a-generation opportunity to revolutionize photovoltaic technology as they are excellent semiconductor candidates with a combination of many desirable attributes. Specifically, halide perovskite solar cells with extremely high device efficiency are easily fabricated and present great promise for commercialization in the near future. However, their non-ideal environmental stability under real operating conditions can limit their further development. Both the academic and industrial research communities have been devoting considerable effort to overcome this critical deficiency through material and device engineering. Significant progress has been reported in this direction, and in this perspective, we review the recent strategies that promise to improve solar cell stability focusing on two interwoven topics. The first one is the development of environmentally stable semiconductor materials, while the second one is dedicated to the reported progress in improving solar cell device stability. Although, the currently adopted methods have not resolved the above problems, yet they build a foundation of principles for future advances to overcome them. In this regard, we believe commercial perovskite-related photovoltaics might indeed be on the horizon, not only replacing the currently commercially available ones, but also improving them.

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Thermochemical Stability of Hybrid Halide Perovskites

Cited by 122 publications

References 89 publications

Ambient Fabrication of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

Ambient Fabrication of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

Structural Phase Transitions of Hybrid Perovskites CH₃NH₃PbX₃ (X = Br, Cl) from Synchrotron and Neutron Diffraction Data

In Quest of Environmentally Stable Perovskite Solar Cells: A Perspective

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Thermochemical Stability of Hybrid Halide Perovskites

Cited by 122 publications

References 89 publications

Ambient Fabrication of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

Ambient Fabrication of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

Structural Phase Transitions of Hybrid Perovskites CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Br, Cl) from Synchrotron and Neutron Diffraction Data

In Quest of Environmentally Stable Perovskite Solar Cells: A Perspective

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Structural Phase Transitions of Hybrid Perovskites CH₃NH₃PbX₃ (X = Br, Cl) from Synchrotron and Neutron Diffraction Data